Field experiment was conducted at the agricultural experimental farm of agronomy department -Collage of Agriculture -University Of Anbar, during the two winter seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017, to study the effect of amino acids with different concentrations on the yield and yield components of three wheat varieties. The experiment was performed in split -split plot using RCBD in three replicates, where amino acids plots (Tryptophane, Arginine and Tyrosine) were assigned to the main plots, subplots were occupied by acid's concentrations (0, 100, and 200 ml L -1 each), while the varieties (Alrashed, Tamoz2 and Abu Ghraib3) occupied the sub-subplots. The Obtained results showed that the amino acids significantly affected the studied traits, where applying Tryptophan increased spike length in the 1 st season and increased the weight of 1000 grain in 2nd season. Spraying Tyrosine gave the highest average of spikes number per m -2 in the 1st season, grains number per spike 47.33 and 49.94 grain per spike for the both seasons and therefore increased the grain yield 5.92 and 6.83 t.ha -1 . Whereas amino acids didn't show any significant effect on the harvest index. Amino acids concentrations had a significant impact on traits such as spike length, grains per spike, weight of 1000 grain and grain yield. Concentration of 200 mg L -1 gave highest grain yield value reached 6.27 and 7.16 t ha -1 for both seasons respectively, while had no significant effect on the harvest index. Used varieties differed significantly for studied traits in both seasons, Alrashed variety was superior in traits like spike length, number of grain per spike (47.86 and 49.19), 1000 grain weight 34.12 and 35.49 gm, grain yield 6.32 and 7.09 t ha -1 and the harvest index for both seasons respectively. However Abu Ghraib3 variety was superior for spikes per square meter 507.0 and 523.9 spike.m -2 .
Meloidogyne species, the pimple-like knot pathogen of potato tuber in three production centers in Sumatra Nematoda puru akar (Meloidogyne spp.) merupakan penyebab ubi berbintil yang menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi kentang di wilayah Sumatra. Identifikasi spesies Meloidogyne diperlukan dalam merancang strategi pengendaliannya yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeteksi dan mengidentifikasi spesies Meloidogyne pada kentang secara morfologi, morfometri, dan molekuler. Sampel ubi kentang bergejala bintil, malformasi bentuk ubi, permukaan ubi tidak rata, serta permukaan ubi bergelombang dikumpulkan dari tiga sentra produksi kentang di wilayah Sumatra, yaitu Karo (Sumatra Utara), Solok (Sumatra Barat), dan Kerinci (Jambi). Ekstraksi nematoda dilakukan dengan teknik pembedahan jaringan ubi berbintil. Identifikasi morfologi dilakukan berdasarkan pola perineal nematoda betina. Pengukuran morfometri dilakukan terhadap juvenil 2 berdasarkan formula de Man. Identifikasi molekuler dilakukan dengan teknik PCR dilanjutkan dengan perunutan nukleotida dan analisis filogenetika. Tiga spesies Meloidogyne yang diidentifikasi ialah Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, dan M. javanica. Amplifikasi DNA menggunakan primer spesifik CO1 berhasil mengamplifikasi pita DNA sebesar ±360 pb untuk M. arenaria, ±326 pb untuk M. incognita, dan ±170 pb untuk M. javanica. Hasil perunutan nukleotida menunjukkan bahwa isolat M. incognita asal Karo-Indonesia berkerabat sangat dekat dengan spesies sejenis dari negara Cina, Amerika Serikat, Vietnam, Inggris, Brazil, dan Afrika Selatan. M. javanica asal Solok-Indonesia berkerabat sangat dekat dengan spesies sejenis dari negara Amerika Serikat, Afrika, Cina, Jerman, dan Inggris.
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