Objective: Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe, chronic psychiatric-cognitive disorder. The primary objective of this work is to present a handcrafted model using state-of-the-art technique to detect SZ accurately with EEG signals. Approach: In our proposed work, the features are generated using a histogram-based generator and an iterative decomposition model. The graph-based molecular structure of the carbon chain is employed to generate low-level features. Hence, the developed feature generation model is called the carbon chain pattern (CCP). An iterative tunable q-factor wavelet transform (ITQWT) technique is implemented in the feature extraction phase to generate various sub-bands of the EEG signal. The CCP was applied to the generated sub-bands to obtain several feature vectors. The clinically significant features were selected using iterative neighborhood component analysis (INCA). The selected features were then classified using the k nearest neighbor (kNN) with a 10-fold cross-validation strategy. Finally, the iterative weighted majority method was used to obtain the results in multiple channels. Main results: The presented CCP-ITQWT and INCA-based automated model achieved an accuracy of 95.84% and 99.20% using a single channel and majority voting method, respectively with kNN classifier. Significance: Our results highlight the success of the proposed CCP-ITQWT and INCA-based model in the automated detection of SZ using EEG signals.
Abstract-In spite of high morphological and phylogenetic diversity, biotechnological and economic importance of actinomycetes, there is a limited number of studies in sediments of Eastern Mediterranean Sea, especially in relation with environmental parameters. The actinomycetes were isolated from deep-basins of Eastern Mediterranean Sea (72-1235 m depths) with regional variability. They were tested physiologically using commercial kits and found that they utilized proteins rather than carbohydrates. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, highly diverse Streptomycetes strains with two of them representing new taxa and also the genera Nocardiopsis and Pseudonocardia were obtained. Geochemical parameters of the sediments together with enzymatic activity results of the strains underlined the nitrogen limitation in the area.
In this review, it was tried to summarize the long term turbidity trends in various environments around the world. It was found that there was a decreasing trend in water clarity for Baltic Sea, Dutch Wadden Sea, Black Sea, Adriatic Sea, Japanese coasts due to eutrophication, rapid industrialization, anthropogenic input, etc. throughout 1900s and when those effects were diminished as maintained in Norwegian and North Atlantic coasts by the introduction of waste treatment plants and the improvement of sewage systems, an increasing trend was obtained. Moreover, clear oceanic water intrusion into near shore regions also resulted in an increase in water clarity as seen in the coasts of Southern California. On the other hand, since coasts of Wales, UK consisted of inorganic sediments, rather than anthropogenic effects, wind was tested as the reason of turbidity by comparing with clear Spanish coasts and it was concluded that long term turbidity could be driven by long term local wind however wind could not cause turbidity without suspended particles in water.
Light passage through water is affected by suspended materials in water. Secchi depths are simply used for the measurement of water clarity, in other words turbidity. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the turbidity trend in the Menai Strait, Wales, UK is a local or worldwide pattern by comparing Secchi depths in the Strait with the ones from Skomer MNR, Wales, UK and from L'Estartit, Spain. Therefore, the hypothesis that long term changes in Secchi depth are driven by long term changes in wind speed was tested using correlation and regression analyses. For the Menai Strait, a computer model based on the mathematical relation between turbulent kinetic energy and Secchi depth was constructed. There were significantly negative correlation between monthly Secchi depth-wind speed pairs of Menai Strait-Anglesey and Skomer MNR-Cardiff but no correlation between annual pairs of Menai Strait-Anglesey and L'Estartit-Barcelona. As a result, it was proposed that high turbidity in the Menai Strait could not be explained by only wind speed, moderate turbidity in Skomer MNR could be driven by moderate wind and clear water of L'Estartit could not be explained by wind speed. It was concluded that wind alone could not cause turbidity without suspended particles in water but if there was a source of suspended particles, the wind would make the water more turbid.
Doğu Akdeniz'in sığ ve derin bölgelerindeki sedimanlardan izole edilen bakterilerin filogenetik çeşitliliği ve antibiyotik duyarlılığı çalışılmıştır. Dünyadaki en oligotrofik ortamlardan biri olan çalışma alanından izole edilen 153 suşun Firmicutes ve Gammaproteobacteria taksonlarına ait oldukları bulunmuştur. 16S rRNA gen dizisi analizi ile belirlendiği üzere, her sediman örneğinde Bacillus en sık görülen cins olmuştur. Bu çalışmada 10 farklı bakteri ailesinden çok çeşitli türler elde edilmiş, özellikle toplam izolatların yüzde 12'sini yeni türlerin oluşturduğu görülmüştür. En yüksek antibiyotik direncinin derin havzalara kıyasla kıyı sedimanlarda olduğu gösterilmiştir. Çevresel parametrelerin bakteri toplulukları üzerinde etkisinin olduğu belirtilmekle birlikte Doğu Akdeniz'in derin havzalarına kıyasla özellikle Kuzey Ege Denizi'ndeki daha sığ bölgeler için yüksek taksonlarda daha fazla filogenetik çeşitliliğin olduğu ortaya konmuştur.
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