Sheathed Light-Gauge Steel (LGS) shear walls are often used in structures as load bearing elements against wind and earthquake actions. The design of walls is often complicated by the lack of analytical methods for the evaluation of the strength and rigidity. Design by testing is a possibility if large numbers of identical walls are used; but in the usual case designers are limited by economic consideration to use configurations which were already tested. These limitations greatly reduce the potential of using LGS shear walls in practical applications. In this paper an analytical design procedure is presented for LGS shear walls sheathed with flat thin steel plates. The procedure, developed for the evaluation of the shear strength and rigidity of the walls, takes into account the fixing of the steel plate to the skeleton. The method is validated using both Finite Element Modelling (FEM) and experiments; comparisons show good accuracy when it comes to the evaluation of strength, but not satisfactory for the rigidity.
In developing numerical approaches for predicting the response of reinforced concrete structures impacted on by deformable projectiles, we predict structural behavior collapse and damage using simple analysis and extensive nonlinear finite element (FE)models. To verify their accuracy, we compared numerical results to experimental data and observations on impact-loaded concrete walls with bending and transverse shear reinforcement. Different models prove adequate for different cases and are sensitive to different variables, making it important to rely on more than a single model alone. For wall deformation in bending mode, deflection is predicted reasonably well by simple four-node shell elements. Where punching dominates, transverse shear behavior must be considered. Formation of a shear failure cone is modeled using three-dimensional solid elements.
An experimental set-up has been constructed for medium scale impact tests. The main objective of this effort is to provide data for the calibration and verification of numerical models of a loading scenario where an aircraft impacts against a nuclear power plant. One goal is to develop and take in use numerical methods for predicting response of reinforced concrete structures to impacts of deformable projectiles that may contain combustible liquid (“fuel”). Loading, structural behaviour, like collapsing mechanism and the damage grade, will be predicted by simple analytical methods and using non-linear FE-method. In the so-called Riera method the behavior of the missile material is assumed to be rigid plastic or rigid visco-plastic. Using elastic plastic and elastic visco-plastic material models calculations are carried out by ABAQUS/Explicit finite element code, assuming axisymmetric deformation mode for the missile. With both methods, typically, the impact force time history, the velocity of the missile rear end and the missile shortening during the impact were recorded for comparisons.
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