To evaluate the effects of distinct management of the matrix in which forest fragments are found upon plant populations thriving in forest remnants in south Brazil, we assessed the conservation status of populations of four woody species (Campomanesia rhombea, Diospyros incontans, Myrciaria cuspidata and Sebastiania commersoniana) through analyses of size structure. Analyzes were carried out at two scales. At a local scale, we consider populations in fragments surrounded by pastures or eucalypts forest plantations, and at a regional scale we also consider larger forest tracts taken as reference areas (Rio Grande do Sul Forest Inventory databank). Population size structures were summarized using the symmetry of height distributions. Small individual size classes prevailed at the local scale in fragments surrounded by eucalypts plantations, whereas in areas exposed to cattle ranching, populations of the same species consistently lack small individuals. At the regional scale, populations in fragments surrounded by pastures presented greater skewness (prevalence of small plants) than populations in reference areas, while populations surrounded by eucalypts plantations presented intermediate skewness. These results reinforce the notion that plantations have a higher conservation value for forest ecosystems than other commercial land uses, like cattle ranching.
-The aim of this work was to identify Brazilian soybean (Glycine max) genotypes with potential to respond to in vitro culture stimuli for primary somatic embryo induction, secondary embryo proliferation and plant regeneration. Differences among eight tested cultivars were observed at each stage. Two cultivars, IAS-5 and BRSMG 68 Vencedora, were selected for the evaluation of the capacity for embryo differentiation and plant regeneration. These cultivars had high embryo induction frequencies, repetitive embryogenic proliferation, and low precocious embryo germination in the initial experiment. The effect of abscisic acid (ABA) and charcoal addition on plant regeneration was investigated. The addition of ABA to proliferation medium and of ABA and activated charcoal to maturation medium increased embryo differentiation rates, which resulted in a higher number of regenerated plants. The BRSMG 68 Vencedora cultivar was found to have a high potential for embryo induction, embryo proliferation and plant regeneration. The potential of this cultivar for somatic embryogenesis was similar to that observed for cultivar IAS-5, which is currently used for soybean transformation in Brazil. BRSMG 68 Vencedora may be a good alternative genotype for soybean genetic engineering via somatic embryogenesis protocols.Index terms: Glycine max, Brazilian cultivars, embryogenic potential, genetic engineering, soybean transformation. Seleção de genótipos brasileiros de soja com alto potencial para embriogênese somática e regeneração de plantasResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar cultivares brasileiras de soja (Glycine max) com capacidade de resposta aos estímulos da cultura in vitro para a indução de embriões somáticos primários, proliferação de embriões secundários e regeneração de plantas. Foram observadas diferenças para cada estádio entre as oito cultivares testadas. Foram selecionadas duas cultivares, 'IAS-5' e BRSMG 68 Vencedora, para avaliação do potencial dos embriões quanto à diferenciação e conversão em plantas. Essas cultivares tiveram altas taxas de indução, proliferação embriogênica repetitiva e baixa germinação precoce dos embriões, no experimento inicial. Foi investigado o efeito da adição de ácido abscísico (ABA) e carvão sobre a regeneração. Os resultados mostraram que a adição de ABA ao meio de proliferação e de ABA e carvão ativado ao meio de maturação aumentaram as taxas de diferenciação dos embriões, o que resultou em maior número de plantas regeneradas. A cultivar BRSMG 68 Vencedora foi identificada como genótipo com alto potencial para indução e proliferação de embriões, bem como para regeneração de plantas. O potencial dessa cultivar quanto à embriogênese somática foi similar ao observado para a cultivar IAS-5, atualmente utilizada para transformação de soja no Brasil. A BRSMG 68 Vencedora pode ser um genótipo alternativo para a engenharia genética de soja via protocolos de embriogênese somática.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, cultivares brasileiras, potencial embriogênico, engenharia gené...
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