Objectives This study was designed to evaluate the potential of Andrographis paniculata ethanolic extract to inhibit the increase in proliferation and induction of abnormal cell death. Methods The hyperplasia stage as an early stage of cancer development was induced by oral administration of 20 mg/Kg BW DMBA to SD rats twice a week for 5 weeks. There were five groups in this study include negative control, positive control, and treatment groups of DMBA induction followed by administration of A. paniculata ethanolic extract in doses equivalent to 10, 30 or 100 mg/Kg BW andrographolide once per day for 6 consecutive weeks. On the last day, rats were sacrificed, lung and colon tissues were collected. Histological examination by HE staining and immunohistochemistry using p53, telomerase, and caspase-3 antibodies were aimed at observing hyperplasia state in these tissues. Results DMBA induction to SD rats was able to produce hyperplasia in lung parenchymal and colon epithelial tissue. This can be showed by the increasing number of proliferated cells and as indicated by the number of brown-colored nuclei with sharper intensity. As well telomerase appears to be overexpressed strongly, while p53 and caspase-3 show low intensity. The administration of A. paniculata extract for 6 weeks showed a decrease in the number of cells that actively proliferate, a decrease in telomerase activity, and an increase in caspase-3 levels which indicate cellular death activity. Conclusions A. paniculata ethanolic extract can inhibit the development of cancer at the hyperplasia stage by reducing telomerase activity and increasing apoptosis, marked by an increase of caspase-3 expressions.
Allergen extract as allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only causative therapy and provides protection or tolerance to an allergen in the long term. However, allergen extracts from different countries may have different effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Indonesian shrimp allergen extract (SAE) as an immunotherapy agent with a mouse model of allergies in the gastrointestinal tract. Mice were divided into five groups consisting of the naïve group, allergic group, and the allergic group received SAE immunotherapy at high dose (100µg/week), moderate dose (50µg/week), and low dose (10µg/week). Each group received treatment in the sensitization and desensitization phases, which was then followed by an oral challenge of SAE 100µg. The effectiveness of SAE immunotherapy was assessed based on the parameters of systemic allergic symptoms, IL-10 mRNA expression in ileum tissue, and IgG2a serum concentration. We found that SAE immunotherapy decreased the systemic allergic symptoms score, regardless of dosage, and the effect persisted on the third challenge. IgG2a as a parameter of humoral immunity showed a significant increase in the high-dose immunotherapy group, and IL-10mRNA expression as a parameter of cellular immunity also showed an increase in the high-dose group. Both data showed a dose-dependent manner. It can be concluded that SAE has excellent effectiveness as an immunotherapy agent and dose-dependent characteristics.
Pendahuluan: Salah satu usaha meningkatkan aktivitas asam p-kumarat adalah meningkatkan sifat lipofiliknya. Reaksi benzoilasi gugus fenol asam p-kumarat merupakan salah satu strategi meningkatkan sifat lipofilik. Iradiasi microwave merupakan salah satu alternative metode untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dalam reaksi organik. Selain memiliki kelebihan mempercepat reaksi kimia, penggunaan iradiasi gelombang mikro juga dapat menyebabkan kerusakan struktur kimia produk maupun terjadinya reaksi samping lainnya. Tujuan: Mendapatkan kondisi optimum reaksi sintesis asam 4-benzoiloksisinamat. Metode: asam 4-benzoiloksisinamat disintesis dengan cara mereaksikan asam p-kumarat, benzoil klorida dan piridin sebagai katalis. Reaksi benzoilasi dilakukan dengan iradiasi gelombang mikro pada daya 180, 270, dan 360 Watt. Karakterisasi asam 4-benzoiloksisinamat dilakukan menggunakan alat spektrometer UV-Vis, FT-IR dan 1H–NMR. Hasil: Persentase hasil yang diperoleh pada daya 180, 270, dan 360 Watt berturut-turut adalah sebagai berikut 49,3%, 58,5%, and 47,7%. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan persentase hasil yang diperoleh pada daya 270 Watt dengan persentase hasil pada daya 180 Watt dan 360 Watt, tetapi tidak ada perbedaan bermakna persentase hasil pada daya 180 Watt dan 360 Watt. Persentase hasil terbesar diperoleh selama enam puluh detik pada daya 270 Watt, yaitu 61,4%. Jika reaksi dilakukan lebih dari enam puluh detik, terjadi kerusakan struktur senyawa target. Kesimpulan: Kondisi optimum sintesis asam 4-benzoiloksisinamat menggunakan iradiasi gelombang mikro adalah selama enam puluh detik pada daya 270 Watt.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.