The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological situation of bovine tuberculosis in Mato Grosso do Sul. The State was divided into three regions, Pantanal, Planalto Norte, and Planalto Sul. In each region, properties were randomly chosen and a pre-established number of animals were also randomly selected; these animals were submitted to the intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin diagnostic test. In total, 17,121 animals from 938 properties were tested. In cases of inconclusive results, the animals were retested with the same diagnostic procedure within a minimum interval of 60 days. An epidemiological questionnaire was administered in the properties sampled to investigate possible risk factors for the disease. In the State, the prevalence of infected herds was 1.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-2.37%) and that of infected animals was 0.035% (95% CI: 0.017-0.069%). Point estimates indicated a higher concentration of infected herds (2.61%; 95% CI: 1.31-5.15%) and infected animals (0.132%; 95% CI: 0.055-0.315%) in the Planalto Sul region, which has a predominance of dairy properties. The prevalence of herds infected with bovine tuberculosis was found to be associated with the production of milk, with technification in the mode of production represented by the use of mechanical milking. Thus, it is recommended that the State adopt strategies for the eradication of bovine tuberculosis, with the structuring of the surveillance system for detection and mitigation of infected herds, incorporating risk-based surveillance elements. ResumoO objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a situação epidemiológica da tuberculose bovina no Mato Grosso do Sul. O estado foi dividido em três regiões, Pantanal, Planalto Norte e Planalto Sul. Em cada região, propriedades foram sorteadas aleatoriamente e, dentro dessas, selecionou-se também de forma aleatória um número pré-estabelecido de animais, os quais foram submetidos ao teste Tuberculínico Cervical Comparativo. No total, foram testados 17.121 animais, provenientes de 938 propriedades. Os animais que resultaram inconclusivos foram retestados com o mesmo procedimento diagnóstico em intervalo mínimo de 60 dias. Nas propriedades amostradas foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para averiguar possíveis fatores de risco para a enfermidade. No estado, a prevalência de focos foi de 1,3% [0,72; 2,37%] e a de animais 0,035% [0,017; 0,069%]. As estimativas pontuais indicaram uma maior concentração de focos (2,61% [1,31; 5,15%]) e de animais (0,132% [0,055; 0,315%]) na região Planalto Sul, que tem predomínio de propriedades leiteiras. Verificou-se que a condição do foco de tuberculose bovina está associada à produção de leite, com sofisticação no modo de produção representado pela utilização de ordenha mecânica. Assim, recomenda-se que o estado adote estratégias de erradicação, com a estruturação de sistema de vigilância para detecção e saneamento de focos, incorporando elementos de vigilância baseada em risco. Palavras-chave: Brasil. Fatores de risco...

This study used disease prevalence as an indicator to assess the effectiveness of the bovine brucellosis vaccination program implemented by the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The state was divided into three regions: Pantanal, Planalto Sul, and Planalto Norte. For each region, a predetermined number of properties was sampled; in each, blood samples were collected from randomly selected cows aged at least 24 months. Sera from animals were subjected to a protocol that called for serial testing, with screening and confirmation using the buffered acidified antigen and 2-mercaptoethanol tests, respectively. In each property, a questionnaire was completed in order to identify risk factors associated with the disease. The overall prevalence rates of infected herds and infected animals in the state were 30.6% [27.4; 34.0] and 7.0% [5.6; 8.7], respectively. The regional prevalence rates of infected herds and infected animals were 39.1% and 8.9%, respectively, in Pantanal, 25.3% and 6.1% in Planalto Sul, and 32.1% and 6.4% in Planalto Norte. Bovine brucellosis in the state is associated with the purchase of breeding animals, herd size, and beef and mixed types of enterprise. Thus, Mato Grosso do Sul should reassess its vaccination program in order to improve its effectiveness. The state must also increase education and supervision to encourage producers to test breeding animals for brucellosis before introducing them to their properties.