Abstract\ud Purpose Social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) method lacks\ud of standard and code of practice. The aim of the study is to\ud classify the wide variety of contributions on S-LCA for tracking\ud the development of different themes and for defining and\ud classifying the main approaches in a systematic and reproducible\ud way.\ud Methods The research addressed to study a collection of 51\ud articles published between January 2006 and November 2014\ud using statistical criteria. We used automatic text analysis\ud (ATA) tools related to lexicon analysis to identify keywords\ud useful in tracing the main topics covered in articles published\ud in different periods. We conducted principal component analysis\ud (PCA) to classify the different approaches in the literature\ud and to outline the orientations of the various research groups.\ud Results and discussion The results from lexicon analysis\ud showed a rapid succession of different topics covered in\ud the analyzed period. This alternation is strongly affected by\ud the introduction of UNEP/Society of Environmental\ud Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) S-LCA guidelines\ud and methodological sheets. PCA analysis enabled to synthesize\ud the information related to the numerous\ud approaches. Results did not show a clear division into\ud groups which indicates the absence of a dominant position\ud on the subject in the literature.\ud Conclusions This study attempted to map the state of art in SLCA\ud integrating literature review with multivariate statistical\ud techniques. The analysis showed a highly fragmented field.\ud These results confirm the existence of a variety of approaches\ud that in part have already been identified by literature reviews\ud on S-LCA. Alignment with the results in the literature confirms\ud ATA to be a suitable instrument for the realization of\ud reviews. Moreover, being systematic and reproducible allows\ud ATA to be applied repeatedly, expanding the number of articles\ud and topics analyzed
Abstract:Companies are increasingly required to deal with sustainability issues through the adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices. Among the different CSR aspects, workers securities fulfill a necessary issue. SA8000 is an internationally accepted tool that aims to guarantee decent workplace across all industrial sectors. Italian companies represent more than 30% of certified organizations on a global level. Company size is a key factor in the definition of managerial strategies. A survey that involved more than 600 SA8000 certified companies has been conducted. Company dimension has been used as a parameter to interpret survey results. The aspects analyzed mainly consisted of drivers, barriers and benefits in SA8000 certification pathway. The study showed a high level of homogeneity among firms. According to SA8000 requirements, one of the main issues is the implementation of control and awareness mechanisms addressed to suppliers. Survey results highlight that all respondents recognize the importance of suppliers' involvement, considered as one of the most difficult phases in implementing certification. However, there were no significant differences among Micro, Small, Medium and Large companies.
Traceability systems were developed to track back products’ process\ud paths and to monitor the quality level from the sale point up to raw materials\ud production. Thus, these systems could be an efficient tool in supporting\ud sustainable supply chain management. The present research aims to analyse the\ud traceability system applied to the Italian textile sector named Traceability and\ud Fashion (TF) implemented by the Union of Italian Chambers of Commerce\ud along with trade unions, entrepreneurial and professional organisations.\ud Carrying out in-depth interviews of involved stakeholders’ categories, we\ud investigate if the TF system was perceived as an effective inter-organisational\ud control tool, and also an instrument able to ensure customers’ protection.\ud Results showed that TF system is considered accountable; however, there are\ud high barriers to its spread
The last revision of the EMAS (Eco Management and Audit Scheme) Regulation encouraged a cluster approach to increase the participation of the organizations and to involve local stakeholders in the commitment to sustainability. Our research activity intends to partially fill the literature gap in the field by investigating the Italian cluster approach to EMAS, characterized by the creation of a cluster Managing Committee (MC)—which can receive an EMAS Cluster Certificate—in order to improve the implementation of the scheme. We investigated the effectiveness of MCs actions on different stakeholder categories in the nine Italian clusters with EMAS Cluster Certificate. We present the results of a survey conducted through different stakeholder categories in the considered clusters. The main goals of the investigation are to determine the effectiveness of EMAS Certificate for: local stakeholder involvement, network creation, environmental performance improvement and the increase in EMAS single registration. We find that EMAS Cluster Certificate is perceived as effective in improving environmental performance of the area and enhancing cluster image. Despite the recognition of these positive aspects, few organizations showed interest in EMAS registration because of the costs involved and the lack of incentives available from public institutions
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