The article gives definitions of the concepts "effect" and "efficiency", their features and differences are indicated. Presented and analyzed are the existing modern approaches to determining and evaluating the effectiveness of managerial decisions in various organizational structures of the agro-industrial complex (from agricultural enterprises to executive authorities). The importance of one of the priority areas for today was noted — the introduction of various digital technologies in the agricultural sector to improve management efficiency in the domestic agro-industrial complex at the level of republican, sectoral state programs, as well as various special and sectoral and territorial projects, developments, etc. An extremely important question is raised about the need to improve existing and develop new methods for assessing the effects and effectiveness of management decisions, creating specialized modules of information and analytical systems and software products that simplify data acquisition for multi-criteria assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of existing and already adopted management decisions with the possibility of subsequent wide implementation of these innovations that can dramatically increase the transparency and awareness of stakeholders about the results of an objective assessment of the effects and effectiveness of management decisions.
When applying coatings using various methods on the surfaces of moving parts that work in joints, it is important to make sure that the coatings are strong and wear-resistant in order to return them to their original resource. All existing hardening technologies and materials used to perform coatings have their own characteristics, therefore, the quality of the resulting coatings can be judged only after specific tests. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in evaluating the properties of the coating obtained by the method of electric spark hardening, and its ability to resist friction and mechanical wear. (Materials and methods) Authors conducted tests on the basis of the "Nano-Center" center for collective use. A coating was applied on the BIG-4M unit with a VK-8 hard alloy electrode, tribological properties were evaluated on a CSM Instruments TRB-S-DE-0000 tribometer, the width of the friction track was measured after the test using an inverted OLYMPUS gx51 optical microscope, and samples were weighed before and after the test on a VLR-200 analytical balance. Conducted research in accordance with GOST 23.224-86 and RD 50-662-88 guidelines. (Results and discussion) The article presents performed tests on the run-in and wear resistance of the coating. The samples were worked on with a step-by-step increase in the load. During the tests, the friction force was drawed on the diagram. Authors compared the results with the reference sample, an uncoated surface. (Conclusions) The resulting coating has better run-in and wear resistance compared to the standard, and the increase in wear resistance in dry friction conditions is very significant.
The high cost of metal powder materials and the energy consumption of the methods involved in their production have led to an increase in the cost of technologies for the restoration and hardening of parts. One method of solving this problem is the recycling of powders. A promising method for processing the waste from machine-building industries, including those utilizing non-ferrous metals and alloys, is electroerosive dispersion. Metallic powders from secondary raw materials obtained in this manner have good physical and mechanical properties, and their cost is two to three times less than the cost of industrial ones. However, the tribotechnical properties of the secondary powders of non-ferrous metals and their use in technologies for the restoration and hardening of parts are still poorly understood. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the tribotechnical properties of coatings obtained via an electric spark treatment with electrodes composed of bronze CuAl9Fe3 (CuAl8Fe3) (in the state of delivery), and coatings of sintered secondary bronze obtained via the method of electroerosive dispersion followed by spark plasma sintering. The results of the comparative tribotechnical tests under the conditions of dry friction showed that the complex indicator of wear resistance—the wear factor (F)—under dry friction conditions, for mates after an electrospark coating method with sintered secondary bronze, was 1.94 less than for mates with a CuAl9Fe3 (CuAl8Fe3) coating. This confirmed the high tribotechnical properties and the effectiveness of using cheap secondary bronze in repair production in technologies for restoring and strengthening worn parts of machines operating under dry friction conditions.
The most important advantages of titanium alloys over other structural materials are their high specific strength and heat resistance, combined with high corrosion resistance and low density. Despite all the positive characteristics of titanium alloys, their tribotechnical properties are very poor, which limits the use of these materials in moving joints. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in increasing the wear resistance and reliability of friction units made of titanium alloys by means of electric spark processing. (Materials and methods) For the study there was used samples of disks with a diameter of 60 and a thickness of 5 millimeters made of a hard alloy of the VT20 brand, an EIO "BIG-1M" installation, a Niton XL3t X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, a Surtronic profilometer, a TRB-S-DE-0000 tribometer, and an OLYMPUS GX51 microscope. (Results and discussion) Coatings were applied to samples made of titanium alloy by electric spark treatment with electrodes made of different materials. The tribotechnical characteristics of such coatings were studied in accordance with the ASTM G99 standard. It was found that the roughness of the samples after electric spark treatment significantly exceeds the roughness of the untreated sample. According to the results of the experiments, the most optimal electrode material was selected to increase the wear resistance of the surfaces of titanium alloys. The titanium alloy after electric spark treatment with a graphite electrode has a high wear resistance and a low coefficient of friction; graphite deposited on the surface of the sample does not form a strong coating, but plays the role of a solid lubricant that is gradually consumed during wear. (Conclusions) The surfaces obtained with the graphite electrode have the best wear resistance and the lowest friction coefficient.
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