Although a second stem cell transplantation (SCT) can be used as salvage therapy in patients with relapsing leukemia after SCT, most of these patients have a poor outcome. We tried clinical vaccination using monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with leukemic lysates to treat relapsing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after autologous SCT. To generate DCs, CD14+ cells isolated from peripheral blood stem cell products were cultured in AIM-V in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. Adding TNF-alpha on day 6 induced maturation of the DCs, which were harvested on day 8 or 9. The DCs were incubated with tumor lysate and KLH for 2 hr at 37 degrees C. After certifying the absence of microorganisms and endotoxins, the patients received four DC vaccinations at two- to three-week intervals. Two patients received four DC vaccinations with means of 7.8 x 10(6) and 9 x 10(6) DCs at two- to three-week intervals. The DC vaccinations were well tolerated with no apparent side effects. After the vaccinations, the patients showed immunological responses with positive delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reaction and increasing autologous T cells stimulatory capacity to the DCs; however, the BM blast percentage of the patients did not improve. The results suggest that DCs are a feasible cellular therapy for relapsing AML after autologous SCT.
SummaryPolymorphisms in the genes coding folate-metabolizing enzymes affect the risk of some forms of cancer. We investigated the association between these polymorphisms and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk in a populationbased study (583 cases and 1700 controls). The MTHFR 677TT and CT genotypes were associated with reduced risk for NHL [odds ratios (OR) = 0AE79; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0AE65-0AE98 for 677CT and 0AE61; 0AE45-0AE82 for 677TT] and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (OR = 0AE68; 0AE51-0AE88 for 677CT; OR = 0AE56; 0AE38-0AE83 for 677TT). The MTHFR 1298CC genotype was associated with increased risk for NHL (OR = 1AE71; 1AE07-2AE75) and T-cell lymphoma (OR = 3AE05; 1AE53-6AE11). The MTRR 66GG genotype was associated with increased risk for DLBCL (OR = 1AE56; 1AE03-2AE38) and the TYMS 2R2R genotype was associated with increased risk for T-cell lymphoma (OR = 2AE83; 1AE33-6AE01). Using subjects with 3RG3RG as a reference group, TYMS 2R2R was associated with increased risk for T-cell lymphoma (OR = 2AE46; 1AE04-5AE79). Interestingly, we observed a reduced association between the TYMS 2R3RG genotype and DLBCL (OR = 0AE61; 0AE38-0AE99). These results suggest that MTHFR, MTRR and TYMS polymorphisms may play a significant role in the risk for NHL.
This study examined the prevalence of oral microbes in the saliva of oncological patients and healthy subjects. PCR was used to assess the frequency of oral microbes including 3 cariogenic bacteria, 5 periodontopathic bacteria and 4 Candida species in the saliva of 104 oncological patients and 52 healthy subjects. Among these microorganims, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Candida albicans were most frequently detected in both groups. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of cariogenic bacteria between the patient and healthy groups, whereas significant differences in the frequency of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia were observed between the two groups (p < 0.05). The prevalence of all five periodontopathogens was higher in the healthy group than in the patient group. The prevalence of C. albicans in patients was significantly higher than that of healthy group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, there were significant differences in the prevalence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and C. albicans between the oncological patient group and healthy group.
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