Cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction are one of the major causes of adult mortality. Several treatments such as pharmacological therapy and heart transplantation have been used for the diseases, but the treatments have drawbacks. Therefore, cell-based myocardial therapies have received proper medical attention. Bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) including mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is a potential source for cell therapy for heart diseases due to the ability of BMSC to differentiate into cell in cardiac tissue including cardiomyocyte and vascular endothelial cell. This article reviews the use of BMSCs for cardiovascular disease and the differentiation of BMSCs into cardiaomyocytes.