This study aims to recognize the factor effecting impulse buying behaviour with the mediation effect of payment facility. This study is based on primary data and data collected from Hyderabad Division of Sindh, Pakistan through adopted questionnaire. Number of respondents were 200 females who are engaged in impulse buying in supermarkets such as Baig Mart, Dawood Super Market, Max Bachat Super Market and Grocers. The store atmosphere and promotional activity are mediated by payment facility for impulse buying behaviour and partial mediation effect used. However, promotional activity revealed more important for impulse buying behaviour due to higher beta value than store atmosphere. In the previous research scholars explored the direct impact of promotional activity and store atmosphere. However, this study checked indirect effect in presence of mediator payment facility.
Higher education institutes Industry Academia Internship University-based Incubation Field trips This study investigates the current practices in higher education institutes and gap reduction between Industry and Academia. This study is based on literature review its objective is to review the current practices in higher education institutes and points out gaps. This reduced gap will balance demand and supply of graduates to industry and it has been practically observed that industry always complains for qualified graduates according to their expectations. Current practices in higher education institutes such as Internships, University based Incubation (UBI), Case study teaching and field trips. In this research paper systematic review approach of literature has been adopted for the conclusion of this study. All relevant studies published on this topic current practices and industry-academia from 1970 to 2014 was identified from database such as Google, Scopus and Web of science in various forms such as book, research articles, reports and websites. Based on results through literature review, current all studied practices can help to reduce gap between Industry and Academia. In previous studies researchers explored current studied practices individually. This research paper will help a triangle such as higher education institutes, industries and graduates for better mutual based relationship in future. This study can be extended in comparative analysis between developed and less developed countries. Contribution/ Originality: This study is based on literature review its objective is to review the current practices in higher education institutes and points out gaps. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Industry-University Partnership and Collaboration Nowadays higher education is considering Industry-University linkage very important and significant of both levels institutional level as well national level. According to Esham (2008) such linkage cannot be ignored and that not only confirmed to the human development but also research and development, innovation and technology transfer also possible to great extent. Hill claims that past practices are not enough in today's competitive environment and major changes are required at university level (Hill, 2006). Another study (Schartinger, 2002) they also enforced that higher institutes must change basic academic structure in order to produce competitive graduates as per industry requirement. There are many ways to achieve this objective but industry-university
It is very difficult to select the right supplier from supply base for the global supply chain due to many challenges and problems especially for the developing countries such as Pakistan. In the present study primary data is collected via adopted questionnaire from cases of the total 170 cases from Kotri manufacturing companies of Sindh, Pakistan. For the analysis of gathered data many tests were applied such as reliability test, factor analysis and structural equation modelling in SPSS and AMOS software. Findings, revealed the partial mediation for both quality and delivery variables in the presence of mediating variable information flow. However, the quality confirmed the more important variable for the supplier selection in manufacturing companies of Kotri, Sindh, Pakistan due to higher beta value than delivery variable. In the past research scholars explored the direct relationship between quality and delivery for the supplier selection but, in the present mediating variable information flow is introduced in order to verify the strength of studied variables. Lastly, based our limited knowledge this would be the first study conducted on Kotri manufacturing companies of Sindh, Pakistan.
Purpose- This study examines the economic cost of exchange rate. Pakistan has been facing serious issue in regard of exchange rate and this fluctuations impact on various economic indicators or variables. The overall exchange rate value is being depreciated since 2008, it started from Rs 60 against one dollar and recently it reached to Rs, 134 that are equal to one dollar. Design/methodology/approach- Time series panel data from 2002-2016 has been used for analysis, it has two cross-sections Pakistan and India. Data is collected from various sources that include Asian Development Bank, Transparency International US and World Economic Indicators. Exchange rate in Pak rupees and Ind rupees, corruption perception index in percentage and foreign borrowings in both Pak rupees and Ind rupees’ variables are taken for analysis. Data will be analyzed through statistical techniques which comprises panel unit root test and panel regression analysis in E-views version 7. Findings- Based on predictable results, all studied variables are found to have significant and positive impact on real exchange rate. Originality/value- In previous studies research scholars investigated overall exchange rate impact on GDP of any economy. This study gives insight into real exchange rate impact on government department corruption of both countries Pakistan and India. This study can be extended to other less developed countries which are also facing problem of exchange rate in their respective countries.
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