The aim of this study was to examine and compare the vasodilatory activities of ethanol extracts of Eleutherine bulbosa bulbs (EBBs) and leaves (EBLs) on isolated aortas from Wistar rats, with and without endothelium. EBBs and leaves EBLs were washed with clean water and chopped and dried in a 60°C drying cabinet. Extraction was carried out by maceration using an ethanol solvent. The collected filtrate was concentrated using a vacuum evaporator, and the concentrated liquid was dried further in a 60°C oven. By carrying out relevant bioassays, the ethanol extracts of EBBs and leaves EBLs were evaluated using Wistar rat aortic rings, with and without endothelium in Krebs-Henseleit solution. Aortic rings were precontracted with phenylephrine solution, and after reaching the plateaued peak contraction, a single dose of the extract solution was administered, and the contractility was measured. The percentage of aortic dilation was presented as mean ± SD and statistically analyzed using the t-test, deemed significantly different if the p-value was < 0.05. The results showed that E. bulbosa leaf extracts induced vasodilation of aortic rings without endothelium, which was stronger than E. bulbosa bulb EBB extracts, indicating the vasodilatory activity through the endothelium-independent vascular smooth muscle.
Study on Fibraurea tinctoria Lour (FT) stems gives information about its traditional utility as Key words: Fibraurea tinctoria, hepatoprotector, in vivo AbstrakPenelusuran secara etnobotani, batang Fibraurea tinctoria Lour (FT) digunakan untuk obat sakit kuning. Penelitian pendahuluan batang FT berkemampuan meredam peningkatan lipid peroksidasi secara in vitro yang lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan tokoferol asetat. Membuktikan khasiat ekstrak etanol batang FT sebagai hepatoprotektor secara in vivo. Batang FT dimaserasi dengan etanol absolut selama 3 x 5 hari. Uji hambatan kerusakan hati secara in vivo digunakan model tikus yang diinduksi karbon tetraklorida (CCL 4 ), ekstrak etanol FT diberikan dengan dosis 50, 100, 200 mg/KgBB sekali sehari dan curcumin dosis 50 mg/KgBB sebagai kontrol positif selama 10 hari lalu diperiksa fungsi hati (serum SGOT, SGPT dan ALP), kadar malondialdehida hati (MDA-hati), serta pemeriksaan patologi anatomi hati dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin (HE). Kelompok tikus yang diinduksi CCl4 memperlihatkan peningkatan nilai SGOT, SGPT dan ALT dan MDA-Hati secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pemberian ekstrak etanol batang FT secara oral dapat melemahkan peningkatkan nilai SGOT, SGPT dan ALT serta dapat menghambat peningkatkan nilai MDA-Hati pada tikus yang diinduksi CCl4 secara bermakna. Hasil
Tarap (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) is one of the plants in the tropics that are consumed by dayak tribe in East Kalimantan. Toxicity tests on seeds and bark have been done but there is no data regarding the acute toxicity of Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco seeds and flesh of fruit causing the need for acute toxicity tests. This Research to know the acute toxic effects of tarap (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) seed and flesh extracts on larvae of Daphnia magna. Tarap seeds and flesh (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) was taken from dayak market in Samarinda, is East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The seeds and flesh of the tarap fruit are extracted by maceration with ethanol solvent. An acute toxicity test was performed by exposing Dapnia magna larvae aged ≤ 24 hours with a solution of the experimental group and the control group for 48 hours. Toxicity test results are expressed in percentage of immobilization of larvae of Daphnia magna calculated by probit test to obtain EC50 (Half maximal effective concentration) values. Extracts are toxic if the EC50 value > 1000ppm. EC50 Ethanol extract of tarap seeds obtained values ( 3922,301 ± 324,590 ) for EC50 24h and ( 2964,498 ± 412,498 ) for EC50 48h. The EC50 value of ethanol extract from flesh of tarap fruit is ( 12224.514 ± 2186. 899 ) EC50 24h and ( 6165,235 ± 1940,006 ) EC50 48h.Ethanol extract of tarap fruit and flesh is non toxic to larvae of Daphnia magna.
The aromatic ginger rhizome (Kaempferia galanga L.) is a member of Zingiberaceae family, has been known to have an antibacterial effect is used for everyday cooking spices, but the synergistic effect on broad spectrum antibiotics was unknown. This research was conducted to find out the synergistic effect is on the antibiotics or the synergistic effect of the combination of the extract and antibiotic against gram positive and negative bacterial pathogens in vitro. KGR was taken from farmers in Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Extract was obtained by maceration with ethanol solvent. Antibacterial activity test of KGR ethanol extract and antibiotic using Mueller-Hinton agar, Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Results were expressed in percentage increase of the inhibition zone. Statistical test with ttest, significantly different if p<0.05. The combination of each antibiotics and KGR ethanol extract showed synergistic effect by increasing the percentage of inhibition zone Conclusion: KGR ethanol extract showed synergistic effect on antibiotic ampicillin (E. coli), meropenem and cefuroxime in S. aureus and E. coli.
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