Peningkatan konsentrasi gas rumah kaca (GRK) akibat dari kegiatan pertanian akan menyebabkan perubahan iklim. Dampak perubahan iklim akan mengancam produktivitas tanaman kopi. Upaya mitigasi GRK perlu dilakukan untuk mencegah penuruan produktvitas kopi. Tujuan untuk mengetahui emisi GRK dan cadangan karbon dari perbedaan jenis pupuk yang diberikan (sistem organik dan konvensional) di perkebunan kopi rakyat di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada lahan perkebunan kopi rakyat di Desa Radabata, Kecamatan Golewa, Kabupaten Ngada, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan pada dua lokasi dengan sistem budidaya konvensional (tanpa penambahan bahan organik) dan organik (penambahan bahan organik). Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah pengukuran gas rumah kaca (GRK) serta cadangan karbon. PengukuranGRK menggunakan metode sungkup tertutup dengan 4 titik pengambilan sampel. Perhitungan cadangan karbon dengan pengambilan sampel biomassa kering denga metode RaCSA (Rapid Carbon Stock’s Assesment). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perkebunan kopi mampu menurunkan GWP sebesar 24,77 % dibandingkan pada sistem konvensional. Perkebunan kopi rakyat dengan sistem konvensional menghasilkan cadangan karbon dan serapan karbon yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan sistem organik. Keragaman jenis tanaman penaung, umur tanaman dan sistem budidaya sangat mempengaruh cadangan karbon yang dihasilkan pada suatu lahan. Pengelolaan perkebunan secara organik dengan tanaman tahunan sebagai penaung (Agrogorestri) merupakan kegiatan ramah lingkungan sebagai upaya mitigasi gas rumah kaca.
Upland rice commodity is generally the second choice after paddy in fulfilling community rice needs. Morotai Island is one of the government's target locations in initiating the Export-Oriented Food Storage program in the Border Region. This study aimed to determined the prospects for the development of upland rice to support food barns in the border region of Morotai Island. The method used is descriptive analysis, measuring the growth rate of rice based on the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), and measuring the feasibility of farming using income analysis, R/C ratio, and break-even point analysis. The results showed that the increase in the growth rate of harvested area and upland rice production was 25,75 percent with a contribution of 42,81 percent and 31,65 percent, recpectively, of the harvested area and rice production on Morotai Island in the 2011 to 2017 period. Upland rice farming has an R/C ratio of 1.72 which indicated that this farming is feasible. The potential and opportunities for upland rice development to support food barns on Morotai Island are still very prospective. The development of upland rice can be pursued through intensification and extensification of agriculture with the application of cultivation technology, the use of new high yield varieties, increasing the cropping index, and sustainable soil and water conservation efforts. This needs to be supported by strong farmer and extention institutions and easy access for farmers to finance agriculture.
Budidaya tanaman padi memegang peranan penting dalam peningkatkan produksi pangan di Indonesia dan pembentukan emisi CH4 dari lahan sawah. Pemberian bahan organik ke dalam tanah berfungsi untuk memperbaiki kualitas tanah dan meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman, disisi lain dapat menyebabkan emisi gas rumah kaca. Besaran emisi CH4 akibat pemberian bahan organik tergantung pada kandungan C organik dan tingkat dekomposisinya. Pemilihan bahan organik yang tepat perlu dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi emisi CH4 tanpa mengabaikan produktivitas tanah dan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan bahan organik yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas sekaligus menekan emisi CH4 dari budidaya tanaman padi di lahan sawah tadah hujan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2016-Januari 2017 di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian, yang merupakan salah satu daerah tadah hujan di Kabupaten Pati, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian disusun secara acak kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Varietas padi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Ciherang. Perlakuan terdiri dari : 1) kompos 5 ton/ha, 2) jerami padi 5 ton/ha, 3) biokompos 5 ton/ha, dan 4) tanpa bahan organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi padi yang dihasilkan oleh empat perlakuan secara berturut-turut adalah 4,76; 5,13; 4,72 dan 4,61 ton/ha dengan total emisi CH4 153; 281; 197; 143 kg/ha/musim, sedangkan nilai produksi padi per kg CH4 yang dihasilkan secara berturut-turut adalah 31,1; 18,3; 24,0 dan 32,2. Pemberian bahan organik berupa kompos berpotensi lebih optimal dalam meningkatkan produksi padi dan menurunkan emisi CH4 di lahan sawah tadah hujan dibandingkan jerami padi dan biokompos.
A smart agricultural practice called Panca Kelola Ramli has been developing by the Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute (IAERI). The smart practise was applied in intensively rice cultivation both in irrigated and rainfed rice field in Pati District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The objective of the study was to identify plant performing and rice productivity both in irrigated and rainfed rice field. Five components of Panca Kelola Ramli consisted of high yielding rice varieties, Urea coated by biochar (UBICHAR), biochar-compost, integrated pest and disease management and also water management. In the rainfed rice field, the Panca kelola ramli was applied and modified to four treatments consisted of biochar - compost + UBICHAR, compost + UBICHAR, biochar - compost + Urea and compost + Urea. The observation was carried on methane emission, plant growth and rice yield. The study showed that methane emission, number of tillering, plant height and rice yield in irrigated rice fields were 172.13 kg ha−1, 14 tillers, 94.75 cm and 6.0 t ha−1, respectively. While in the rainfed rice field, the plant parameters vary among the treatments. The highest rice grain was produced by the treatment of compost + UBICHAR which was supported by the highest root weight. The Panca Kelola Ramli in irrigated rice field could reduce Urea and chemical pesticide use.
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