This paper investigated an electromagnetic torque ripple level of BLDC drives with multiple three-phase (TP) permanent magnet (PM) motors for electric vehicles. For this purpose, mathematical models of PM machines of different armature winding sets-single (STP), dual (DTP), triple (TTP), and quadruple (QTP) ones of asymmetrical configuration and optimal angular displacement between winding sets were developed and corresponding computer models in the Matlab/Simulink environment were created. In conducted simulation, the influence of various factors on the electromagnetic torque ripple of the multiple-TP BLDC drives was investigated—degree of modularity, magnetic coupling between armature winding sets, and drive operation in open and closed-loop control systems. Studies have shown an increase of the electromagnetic torque ripple generated by one module in the multiple TP BLDC drives with magnetically coupled winding sets, due to additional current pulsations caused by magnetic interactions between the machine modules. However, the total electromagnetic torque ripples are much lower than in similar drives with magnetically insulated winding sets. Compared with the STP BLDC drive, the multiple TP BLDC drives with the same output parameters showed a reduction of the electromagnetic torque ripple by 27.6% for the DTP, 32.3% for the TTP, and 34.0% for the QTP BLDC drive.

The desire for energy independence presupposes the use of various types of elements for energy generation from renewable sources, for the stand-alone operation of which energy storage devices are required. A power generation complex created in this way must perform a number of tasks that are formed by the energy management system. The control system performs these tasks and ensures proper static and dynamic characteristics of this complex with many inputs and outputs. The results of recent world researches, as well as the authors experience of this work, show that, for creating such control systems, it is advisable to use Passive Based Control (PBC), presenting the control object as a Port-Controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) system. Thanks to the developed method of additional interconnections and damping injection (Interconnection & Damping Assignment - IDA) passive control provides ample opportunities to adjust the control effects, while ensuring the asymptotic stability of the system as a whole. This is particularly useful in the complex system considered in this paper that includes both a hybrid power plant for electricity generation from the sun and wind and a hybrid energy storage unit consisting of the battery and supercapacitor module. This article shows the procedure of PBC system synthesis, according to which three structures of control influence formers (CIF) were designed and investigated. These structures have different combinations of additional interconnections and damping, which allows forming the desired energy flows inside the closed-loop system and therefore provide desired control results. Among them, there are tasks of maintaining voltages on the DC bus and the supercapacitor module at reference levels, and the smoothness of the battery current transients. A comparative simulation studies were performed on a computer model of the power generation complex with synthesized control systems, which was created in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. It showed the efficiency of their work and the advantages of different CIF structures.

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purpose. Development of a multipurpose control algorithm for a cascaded semiconductor inverter to provide a sixstep switching of phase voltages of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor, multilevel regulation of voltages magnitude, charge equalization of battery modules in the modes of traction and regenerative braking of electric vehicles (EV), as well as checking the operability of the developed algorithms by computer simulation. methodology. To solve these problems, the methods of automatic control theory, elements of the discrete mathematics, and the theory of algorithms are used. The mathematical model of the studied system was implemented by means of the Simulink applica tion, as well as programming in the MATLAB software.findings. Algorithms for coordinated control of the sixstep switching of the BLDC motor armature winding, multilevel con trol of the motor voltages with pulsewidth modulation at only one level, and energy management in the form of equalization of the battery modules charges have been developed. A computer mathematical model of the proposed EV electric drive system has been created. Performed simulations confirmed the effectiveness of the developed multipurpose control algorithm.Originality. Substantiation and solution of the problem of complex increase of energetic and design indicators, as well as reli ability of EV powertraction system due to application of an integrated configuration of the modular electric power supply system and multilevel control of the BLDC motor by means of joint multilevel cascade inverter.practical value. The use of the developed solutions will increase the service life of electric motor, the reliability of the whole powertraction system, improve their maintainability, expand the layout and loading of the EV chassis, ensure its fire and electrical safety.

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