When performing high-precision geometric leveling on geodynamic and technogenic polygons, the problem of selecting a system of heights and obtaining reliable data arises, taking into account, first of all, the heterogeneity of the gravitational field along the lines of leveling. The research and development of a methodological approach to solve the above issues is the purpose of this publication. For the research process, the method of mathematical processing of a wide spectrum of geodetic and gravimetric measurements, differential and mathematical analysis, methods of conducting high-precision leveling and gravimetric works are used. During the process of field geodetic and gravimetric measurements, the values of gravitational acceleration in the mountain, foothill and plain areas were obtained, which made possible, on the basis of the mathematical dependences deduced by the author, to find corrections in the measured excesses for the non-parallelism of the level surfaces. On the basis of unique experimental level-gravimetric observations and their corresponding mathematical elaboration, numerical characteristics of gravitational acceleration for various forms of relief have been obtained. In the final case, the obtained analytic dependencies give an opportunity to take into account the influence of the non-parallelism of the level surfaces in the measured excesses or the heights of high-precision geometric leveling, without taking into account the gravitational field of the normal Earth. The proposed methodological approach to the determination of heights by high-precision geometric leveling on geodynamic and technogenic polygons may take into account the influence of the non-parallelism of the level surfaces according to the derived formulas and should be effectively used at present.
This article addresses issues of ecological safety in conditions of intensive development of radio-television systems and cellular communications. The main purpose of the article is to develop an algorithm for determining the accuracy of the boundaries of safe and comfortable living of the population in the area of electromagnetic fields. The mathematical dependences are deduced allowing to define the exact parameters of the boundaries of safe zones on the basis of maximum permissible standards of power flux density, which are generated by radiation sources. Theoretical work is supported by practical examples that confirm the feasibility of using the obtained mathematical dependencies.
At the present stage, the dominant means of obtaining information is space shooting, which is carried out from space carriers with the help of special shooting equipment, and makes it possible to obtain high-quality images covering a significant area of the earth's surface. Methods combining multi-criteria analysis and GIS technologies can be used to make appropriate environmental decisions. At the same time, an important component for all interested parties is obtaining the original information at the lowest cost. In this regard, this publication provides a methodology for constructing maps of land categories, which is based exclusively on a free basis. This methodology includes free and open FOSS software, space images of the Landsat 8 satellite, and multi-criteria analysis of space image processing. The procedure of the methodology includes the creation of a database based on available land management documents, cadastral plans and maps, satellite images, etc.; processing of the database using multi-criteria analysis; analysis of the results and decision-making. The database is created using QGIS software, and PostgreSQL with the PostGIS extension is used for modeling and data storage. MultiSpec software was used to create multispectral images, perform satellite image classification and evaluation. Using a set of the above software products and Landsat 8 satellite images, a pilot project on an area of 615 km2 was carried out to determine the capabilities of this methodology for establishing land categories. It was established that the multispectral image of the combination of 6-5-2 channels best represents land categories. The accuracy of the classification is 96.2%, and the User Accuracy for arable land is almost 100%, for orchards 55%, and for hayfields and pastures 61.3%.
Assessment of the quality of individual parts of the earth's surface (territories) always causes a certain scientific and practical interest and is the basis of people's daily life. Therefore, the study of processes and the development of methods for assessing the quality of territories always remain an important problem, especially when the process of functional zoning of the territory of Ukraine begins.The task of the research is to develop a universal algorithm for the assessment of territories based on the determination of its quality index and the possibility of using it to establish the value of territories in monetary terms, which will allow state authorities and local governments to effectively develop projects of functional zoning of territories. In world practice, three main methodical approaches are used to determine the value index of territories. All methodical approaches are based on threecomponents: socio-economic, natural and ecological quality, sustainability of agricultural landscapes.The research methodology is based on the methods of mathematical statistics and a systematic analytical approach to the selection of indicators of influence on the territory value index. The purpose of this publication is to develop a methodical approach capable of unifying the procedure for evaluating territories with different functional purposes.In this publication, a fundamentally new approach to the evaluation of territories in Ukraine is proposed, which is based on the territory quality index indicator. At the same time, with the established value of territories in monetary terms, thismethodical approach expands the capabilities of local self-government authority, as they set the price of a unit of area of the corresponding territory by their decision.The proposed methodological approach is universal, which allows its using for territories of various functional purposes, including different categories of land, which greatly simplifies the assessment procedure.
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