Background: Physical activity has been found to play a role in cancer prevention. The purpose of this matched case-control study was to investigate the association between physical activity levels, water intake, constipation and colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials and Methods: Two hundred and thirty-two patients diagnosed with CRC (125 male, 107 female) were enrolled in this case-control study. Cases were matched to 271 population controls (137 male, 134 female). Results: Drinking more than 4 cups of water daily decreased the risk of CRC by 33-42%; however, this effect was non-significant. Having constipation was found to be a significant risk factor for developing CRC with an OR=6.284 (95%CI=2.741-14.40). With reference to sedentary behavior, minimum activity (600-3000 Metabolic Equivalents Task (MET)) had 43% protection against CRC and the level of Health Enhancing Physical Activity OR was 0.58 (at 95%CI; 0.37-0.92). A significant negative association was found between CRC and physical activity levels expressed as both METs and MET-hours/week (p for trend=0.017 and 0.03, respectively). Among females, a significant trend of reduction in CRC by 62% was observed with increasing the level of physical activity expressed in MET (p for trend=0.04). Conclusions: The risk of CRC may be reduced by adopting a healthy lifestyle and practicing physically activity regularly, especially among females. Consuming adequate amounts of water and healthy bowel motility could also reduce the risk of CRC.
The present study shows an advanced polyp miss rate that is comparable with other studies even in a fellowship training setting. Prospective studies with tandem surveillance colonoscopy are needed to confirm our findings.
We show here that in a difficult-to-treat case of neuropathic allodynia resulting from radiotherapy, the use of local 5% L-menthol might be of benefit. These data can be added to the case reports that have previously shown the efficacy of topical menthol in different neuropathic processes. 5e7 All these case reports and a very recent clinical study indicating that topical menthol has analgesic potential in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain and postmastectomy pain syndrome 8 prompt the systematic evaluation of topical menthol for neuropathic pain.
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