The article deals with the essence of socio-cultural boundaries in a multiethnic region. Socio-cultural boundaries are presented by the authors as a marker of the mental unique character of the territory for those who live within it, and a likely source of interethnic tensions. In the conditions of the multiethnic region of Crimea, the probability of the existence of socio-cultural boundaries coincides with the nature of its administrative-territorial structure that arose after 2014. On the territory of the Crimean Peninsula, there appeared two subjects of administrative and territorial administration of the Russian Federation: the Republic of Crimea and the Federal city of Sevastopol. Similar bicentric division of Crimea existed during the period of the Ukrainian administrative-territorial ownership of the Peninsula, only the administrative-territorial subjects were called respectively the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Republican subordination Sevastopol. Geographically, both subjects have a common border, which runs through the territories of the Bakhchisarai municipal district of the Republic of Crimea, as well as the lands belonging to the Federal city of Sevastopol. The paper considers the possibility that the residents of the border territories of both subjects of the administrative-territorial structure of Crimea have mental differences in the awareness that they belong to different worlds: the urban one with a special political and geographical status in the case of Sevastopol and the rural — within one of the agrarian municipal territories of the Republic of Crimea. Does the artificially divided mentality mean that the inhabitants of the geographically united Crimean Peninsula have different ways of life, value orientations, and migration mobility? The proof of the existence of mental socio-cultural boundaries has been presented by the authors on the basis of a survey of rural residents living in 12 border villages of the Sevastopol region and the Bakhchisarai municipal district of the Republic of Crimea. The original maps of the results of the survey of rural residents within the Crimean administrative border have been constructed. The cartographic markers to define the values of residents of the border villages have been determined, which allows to establish the degree of manifestation of the socio-cultural boundaries between Sevastopol and the Republic of Crimea.
Understanding of political and geographical (geopolitical) subjectivity of a region, perceived as a territorial unity formed inside a state, is connected with the fact that regional political and managerial elite has political interests and opportunities to implement them. In terms of political and geographical subjectivity of a region we point out spatial aspect that is important to economic and social geography. The sense of spatial aspect of regional political and geographical subjectivity is based on behavioral strategy typical to regional elite that can drastically change administrative and territorial status of the territory. Not every region has its own political interests and opportunities to realize them. Political interests appear under the influence of social and cultural diversity of a region: characteristics of its geopolitical position, economic and military potential, traditions of international and domestic policy of the state which a region is a part of, peculiarities of population identity. Political interests form long-termed trends of regional development that can differ from general
The article describes the geographical approaches to the study of mass media. The main directions of mapping the media sphere are defined and described: maps of the development of telecommunications infrastructure, maps of media production, maps of population provision and availability of media products, cartographic technologies in media activities, mapping of mass information and big data. The essence of the concept of geographical media market is considered. The research interest of this paper is focused on mapping traditional media, namely regional newspaper publications and television channels. The methods of mapping and geographical segmentation of the regional market of newspaper publications and television media are described and tested on the example of Crimea. The article presents cartographic works that reflect the territorial differentiation of local newspapers and their sales, the level of development of digital television broadcasting infrastructure, and the nature of localization and scope of local television activities in Crimea. The article describes the segment of national and religious mass media, which are an important element of the social development of the polyethnic and polyconfessional Crimean region. The geographical segmentation of the print and television media market of the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol was performed. As a result, the main media centers, acceptor-creative and acceptor territories were identified. The use of the cartographic method allowed us to identify the type of territorial structure of the geographical media market of Crimea. It is concluded that this area of activity in the region develops according to the “center–periphery” model, which is complicated by the split in the level of telecommunications development in the “city–village” direction. Despite a fairly extensive network of media enterprises in Crimea, a number of cities and districts do not implement the potential for creating local media on their territory.
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