The twinned state of natural magnetite below the Verwey transition was studied by measurements of the thermal expansion and longitudinal magnetostriction with a three-terminal capacitance technique. The thermal expansion was negative near the transition with a peak at 115 K. Between 30 and 115 K a relaxation was observed in the magnetostriction. Above a temperature-dependent critical field a step increase in field results in an immediate step increase in length but then the length b€gins to decrease approximately logarithmically with time. The length relaxes noticeably for at least 1 h and the final length is often shorter than the equilibrium length before the field change.No relaxation was observed above the transition. These effects can be explained by the intimate coupling between magnetic and crystal symmetries which give rise to a crystalline axis switching mechanism.
The strategic guidelines of the energy policy are the environmental safety of the energy sector. The article discusses the creation in the laboratory of GUAP on the basis of the software package National Instruments informatized waste assessment system on the possibility and choice of waste disposal, as well as the choice of waste processor from the database. This system will create activity in the waste market, which will involve processors. For this purpose, the research of thermal conductivity of RDF-raw materials of waste landfills in the laboratory of quality control of new functional materials GUAP and programming in Java Script virtual platform ECO 365. The global perspective of the project is the consolidation of the laboratory of new composite materials GUAP to create a waste processing Center with the main focus on research in the field of production and sale of biogas. Demand in the market is large. The used technologies of analytical and measuring instruments and programs of three-dimensional equipment will allow to apply in parallel with the analysis of raw materials the possibility of developing equipment for the production of by-products from waste with their subsequent certification.
Sosnovsky’s hogweed is an invasive species that suppresses natural meadow biocenoses, but at the same time it can be a source of various biological substances (raw materials). Hogweed can be processed to produce cellulose. The obvious advantage of cellulose from Sosnovsky’s hogweed is the unsuitability of the raw material for other uses, i.e., while valuable resources that are now being used to produce cellulose can be saved, the stems of Sosnovsky’s hogweed are waste products obtained because of getting rid of the plant. Despite this, there is an actual problem of including hogweed in the production chain. To solve this problem, business models can be built that are aimed at using the biproducts of processing hogweed. It is important that business models not only reflect the process of producing added value but also can solve the main problem of processing weed plants: the finiteness of the specified resource. Specifically, entrepreneurs starting such a business should not get into a situation where they destroy their only resource. This article is focused on a comparison of business models according to the following criteria: feasibility, profitability, and environmental impact. Business models that involve constructing a processing plant, using mobile laboratories, and industrial symbiosis models are presented. The overall result of this work is a business model that meets the specified criteria. Similar business models can be used for other plants with the possibility of obtaining valuable raw materials. Research shows how Sosnovsky hogweed can be processed into bioethanol or cellulose.
This article puts forward arguments in favor of the necessity of conducting complex measurements of molecular transport coefficients that quantitatively determine the coefficients of dynamic viscosity, thermal diffusivity and molecular diffusion. The rheological studies have been carried out on the viscometers of two types: those with a rolling ball (HÖPPLER® KF 3.2.), and those with a rotary one (Rheotest RN 4.1.). The thermophysical studies have been performed using the analyzer Hot Disk TPS 2500S. The measurements have been taken in the temperature range of 283 to 363 K. The concentration of dry substances has varied from 16.2 to 77.7% dry wt. An empirical equation for calculating the density of aqueous solutions of beet molasses has been obtained. The diagrams of the dependence of the dynamic viscosity on the shear rate in the range of 1 s−1 to 500 s−1 at different temperatures have been provided. The diagrams of the dependence of the coefficients of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity on the temperature and the concentration of dry substances have been presented, and empirical equations for their calculation have been obtained. The findings can be used for engineering calculations of hydrodynamic and heat-exchange processes in biotechnological equipment.
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