Effects of intracerbroventricularly (ICV) administered octreotide on gonadotrophic cells (FSH and LH) of adult Wistar female rats were examined by immunocytochemical and morphometric methods. The animals received ICV three 1.0 mg doses of octreotide dissolved in 10 mL saline every second day. The controls were treated with equivalent volume of physiological saline by the same schedule. FSH-and LH-producing cells were examined using peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical procedure. Morphometric and stereologic examinations were performed to evaluate changes in the number, volume and volume densities of gonadotrophic cells. In females treated with octreotide, the gonadotrophic cells were smaller and often pycnotic, while the number of FSH-and LH-immunopositive cells per unit area (mm 2) was significantly reduced. Octreotide also induced a significant reduction of the FSH-and LH-immunoreactive cells volume, as well as of their volume densities. On the basis of these results it can be concluded that octeotride, centrally administered to adult female rats provokes changes in immunocytochemical and morphometric features of both types of gonadotrophic cells.

Splenic artery pseudoaneurysm (SAP) is extremely rare, but potentially fatal medical condition. In the literature to date, pseudoaneurysms of the splenic artery were described in less than 250 cases. The most frequent cause of this rare condition is pancreatitis. Patients with splenic artery pseudoaneurysms are almost always presented by severe clinical symptoms. Ruptured pseudoaneurysms can cause fatal complications. The aim of this study was to present radiological possibilities in diagnostics of SAP in a patient suffering from chronic pancreatitis. Patient was initially advised for Ultrasound and Color Dopller sonography where lesion suspicion for SAP was made. Further, CT angiography and DSA were performed to provide certain diagnosis. The patient was surgically treated and histopathological examination definitely confirmed diagnose of SAP.

The pituitary gland is a heterogeneous tissue comprised of several hormone-secreting cells most of which are targeted by sex steroids. Our long-term studies were concentrated on the response of rat pituitary TSH cells to gonadal steroids applied to animals of different age. With this goal, we examined immunoreactive and morphometric, as well as subcellular organization of pituitary TSH cells in rats of both sexes after neonatal and perinatal estradiol-dipropionate (EDP) treatment. The results undoubtedly indicated persistent EDP-related inhibitory changes of tyrotrophs up to the adulthood. At the subcellular level, a delayed differentiation of TSH cells was noticed. Besides, a special attention has been paid to the changes in the structure of immunoreactive TSH cells of middle-aged (14-month-old) rat females, chronically treated with EDP, calcium (Ca) or a combination of EDP and Ca. Based on our results it can be concluded that both EDP and Ca act inhibiting the thyrotrophs under the applied experimental conditions.

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It has been suggested that long-term exposure by heavy vehicle operators to whole-body vibration (WBV) may be related to an increased risk of pathological changes in the anatomical parameters of the hip. Th e aim of this study was to explore the diff erence in anatomical parameters of acetabulum in drivers of heavy vehicles (experimental group; n=60) and subjects who have not been exposed to WBV (control group; n=60). Th e anteroposterior radiographic view of the hips was used to measure the following parameters: the vertical centre edge (VCE), the 'horizontal toit externe' angle (HTE), the neck shaft angle (NSA) and the acetabular depth (AD). Compared with the control group, the mean VCE angle values and AD were signifi cantly lower, while the average HTE and NSA values were signifi cantly higher in the experimental group. Th is study supports the hypothesis that exposure to whole-body vibration during operation of a vehicle causes an increased risk of acetabular dysplasia.

Objective. Femoropopliteal bypass is indicated in the advanced stage of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The indications for surgical treatment are determined on the basis of a clinical exam, "ankle-brachial index" and angiographic findings. Using the finite element analysis method, three-dimensional models can be made based on angiography, and these models can be used to measure different physical quantities and calculate the value of the "ankle-brachial index". The aim of this paper is to show the hemodynamics of arteries by using the finite element analysis method based on preoperative and postoperative angiography, as well as physical quantities that can be measured in this way. Methods. This case shows the hemodynamics of femoropopliteal bypass in the preoperative and postoperative models. The models obtained by finite element analysis show: pressure, shear stress, velocities, and streamlines. The pressure, i.e. the "ankle-brachial index", was compared with the values measured on the patient, while the other three values were compared preoperatively and postoperatively. Results. Postoperatively, higher values of pressure and "ankle-brachial index" were measured on the patient and on the models. Wall shear stress and velocity values were reduced in postoperative models. The streamlines showed a dominant anterior tibial artery. Conclusion. The values of physical quantities measured on patient and on the models obtained by the finite element analysis method correlate significantly. Some physical quantities could indicate the "weak points" of a particular model.

Although, as asymptomatic, they appear in about 10- 12% of the worldwide population, vertebrae hemangiomas are symptomatic in about 0.9-1.2% of all the cases. We showed the case of the symptomatic hemangioma in the 7th thoracic vertebrae in 67 year old patient, that was successfully preoperative embolised. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected the tumor in the body of 7th vertebrae with mass effect on the anterior aspect of the spinal cord. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) imaging describes this tumor as hemangioma that is in the body of the 7th vertebrae and in the both pedicules. We performed selective and supraselective spinal angiography which showed pathological vascularisation of the tumor, and then the tumor was embolised. The control angiography detected the reduction of the tumor blood vessels, as a sign of the successful embolisation. Ten days after embolisation, the patient went through corporectomia of the Th7 and the stabilization of the thoracic spine was performed. Intraoperative blood transfusion in our patient was 930 mL, while expected blood transfusion during the surgical intervention without preoperative embolisation is about 1600 mL. Method of choice in conditions with neurological compressive symptoms caused by vertebral hemangioma is surgery for the decompression of the nerve structures. Embolisation of aggressive vertebral hemangioma is recommended and preoperatively performed for the intraoperative hemorrhage reduction and decreasing of intraoperative complications.