No abstract
In this paper, basic principles of the design and implementation of a portable, multi-functional scientific instrument, operating from a robotic reconnaissance mobile platform are discussed. The current version of the instrument includes a multi-gas laser sensor, multi-functional spectrometer, isotopes identifier, cameras, and rangefinder. An additional set of sensors monitors temperature, pressure, humidity, and background radiation. All components are installed on a mini-robotic platform, which provides data acquisition, processing, and transmittance. The design focuses on the development of calibration-free, reliable, low power-consumption devices. To create a highly survivable, accurate, and reliable instrument, a concept of an inhomogeneous sensory network has been developed. Such a network combines non-identical sensors and provides cross-use of information received from different sensors to describe environmental conditions, to choose appropriate algorithms of data processing, and to achieve high accuracy gas-concentration measurements. The system uses the same lasers to operate different optical devices such as sensors, rangefinders, spectrometers, and isotopes identifiers. Among the innovative elements described in this paper, are a calibration-free, laser multi-gas sensor with range-finding option; a high signal/noise ratio transmittance spectrometer; a single-frequency laser with nano-selector; and low repetition-rate femtosecond fiber lasers operating in near- and middle- infrared spectral ranges. New detailed analyses of absorption spectroscopy theoretical approximations made it possible to achieve high-accuracy gas-concentration measurements with miniature optical sensors.
Application of a metallic thin-film selector to the single-frequency oscillation of a diode-pumped Nd:YVO 4 laser has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. We show that a chromium thin-film selector with a thickness between 8 and 9 nm provides single-frequency output within a power range of 0.6 W. Single-frequency operation, slow smooth tuning, or chirping was realized by the output coupler movement with a piezoceramic transducer. Chirping at a repetition rate of 0.5 kHz in the 0.5-10-GHz range was achieved. Physical and technical limitations caused by the wide-gain bandwidth, thermal effects, and mechanical vibrations of cavity elements are discussed.
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