Commercial micro-ingredients of certain types are a gap in the Russian food industry. This article describes the Russian market for micro-ingredients, their impact on the sustainability of domestic food systems, and state support prospects. The study featured the development of micro-ingredient markets in the context of sustainable food systems. It relied on the theory of world-system analysis, as well as on the methods of comparative and statistical analyses. The materials were obtained from the Federal State Statistics Service, the Federal Customs Service, the Russian Export Center, and various rating and information agencies, including publically available data from the UN, the FAO, and the Union of Food Ingredients Producers. The authors assessed the impact of micro-ingredient markets on the sustainability of food systems and the effect of global and domestic market trends on the demand and supply of micro-ingredients. When strategizing state support for domestic producers of micro-ingredients, government should proceed from the availability of raw materials and competition. The article introduces a comparative analysis of the Russian market of flavoring agents, which includes both foreign and domestic producers, and the Russian market of citric acid, represented solely by Chinese companies. In the first case, the government should support the existing domestic producers and strengthen their positions in the Russian markets, with prospects for foreign market penetration. In the second case, the Russian food industry has to launch domestic products able to occupy the Russian market and defeat the powerful foreign competitors that are ready to use dumping. The analysis also revealed the main directions of state support for the domestic production of competitive micro-ingredients and their components. The results can be used to strategize state support measures for the domestic micro-ingredients in order to improve food security and the stability of the Russian food system to external shocks.
The article analyzes the trends of the strategy of sustainable development of coal industry in Kuzbass and the prospects for its development. The main problems connected with the coal enterprises operations are identified, possible ways of their solutions are presented within the framework of the adopted "Strategy for social-and-economic development of the region for the period up to 2035". Having analyzed the program under study, the proposals for its correction or addition in terms of improving the ecology of the region, social-and-economic development, preserving the natural landscape and biogeocenosis were made. The options for transporting coal and increasing the level of coal production technologies in underground mining were proposed. The article provides statistical data on coal mining for the period 2009-2020, and international experience of coal-mining countries. The authors consider the problems of export and transportation of coal, the impact of world prices on coal production. In addition, the authors of the article focus on the legal and legislative consolidation of the main conditions for control and regulation of the subsoil use in Kuzbass, make proposals for its effectiveness, in order to reduce social tension, environmental pollution, reduce the risk of earthquakes, and preserve coal resources for future generations.
Value chains are conduits that play an important role in global food security. The purpose of the study was to analyze the increasing impact of global value chains on national food security and develop proposals for improving the level of food security in Russia. The research featured the impact of value chains on food security. The study was based on a systematic analysis of data obtained from national statistical services, information and rating agencies, international organizations, etc. The impact of value chains on food security proved to be complex. On the one hand, they combine disparate links into a single system and allow for the rapid delivery of food to the end consumer. On the other hand, they increase the monopolization of the control links. The article introduces key features of the transformation of food value chains in recent decades. First, the list of participants often changes due to the growing contradictions between different countries and unpredictable foreign policy. Second, processing, logistics, and trade chains often get monopolized. Third, companies from other industries enter value chains from outside. Fourth, the distribution of income among chain participants becomes more uneven. Fifth, the influence methods of control links get more elaborate, etc. In general, companies tend to globalize their value chains while national governments strive to keep the chains within the country. The results of the study can improve value chains and food security in the country, while taking into account the interests of both chain participants and society, as well as the principles of sustainable development.
Abstract. The article considers innovative processes and innovative activity of subjects as a factor of sustainable development. Factors putting back and facilitating the innovative processes in the low-tech sector of the economy are singled out. It is substantiated that the transition to an innovative economy raises the requirements for the workforce quality, and, consequently, the organization of labor. This involves raising the level of labor remuneration to the world standards. To ensure the sustainable development of the region, an optimal competitive environment is needed. Therefore, the relationship between the innovative development of the Russian economy and the level of market competition has been revealed. Measures for increasing innovative activity in industrial regions are proposed.
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