Rational and preservation utilization of water resources represents one of the main problems of the 21 st century. Water as a resource is a valued quantity, quality, and by location, where the quality is a condition of the water system, expressed through physical-chemical, chemical, and biological indicators. The important aspects taken into consideration when examining the top-priority problems of water quality are economic influence, the influence on human health, influence on the ecosystem, and influence of the geographic area, as well as duration of the influence [1]. Changes in the physico-chemical characteristics of water quality are influenced not only by anthropogenic factors, but also by combined interactive natural processes such as hydrological conditions, topography and lithology, climate, precipitation inputs, catchment area, tectonic and edaphic factors, erosion, weathering of crustal materials and bedrock geology, in combination with environmental influence [2]. It should be also taken into account that the Republic of Serbia is striving toward membership within the EU, and reaching good water quality represents an important challenge [3]. The most important legal framework within the European Union (EU), which regulates water policies, is the Water Framework Directive (WFD) [4].River systems play an important role in the sustainable development of the whole environment, especially when Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 24, No. 2 (2015), [555][556][557][558][559][560][561] Original Research AbstractThe Drina River is the biggest tributary of the Sava River, created by the merger of the Tara and Piva rivers at Šćepan Polje. The Drina represents the border between Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Water quality index (WQI) is a numeric expression used to evaluate the quality of water bodies and make it more easily understood by managers. In this study, the water quality status and the spatial and temporal trends along the Drina were assessed through the application of seven WQI parameters, to an eight-year public database of environmental data . Water quality of the Drina is one of the significant factors taken into consideration in evaluation of sustainability of the development of this region and it is controlled by complex anthropogenic activities and natural factors. Values of pH grew steadily from CP1 to CP3, but on CP4 values of pH were lower (8.11) than on two previous control points (CP2 8.14 and CP3 8.16). O 2 saturation shows highest values at CP1 121.3%, while the lowest values were observed at CP3 101.8%. BOD 5 at all four CPs shows that water quality of the Drina can be classified as I class (< 2 mg/l). According to statistical data processing we can state that Drina water quality at all four control points allows for its exploitation.
This paper examines temporal and spatial variability and trends of annual and seasonal precipitation in Slovenia and their relationship with three atmospheric circulation patterns represented by their indices: North Atlantic Oscillation index (NAOi), Mediterranean Oscillation index (MOi) and Western Mediterranean Oscillation index (WeMOi). Data from 45 precipitation stations were used for the period 1963-2012. Mean annual precipitation varies from 736 mm in eastern Slovenia to 2,518 mm in northwestern Slovenia. A significant annual precipitation decrease (from −3% to −6% per decade) is observed in western Slovenia. Significant negative trends are observed in southwestern Slovenia in summer (from −4% to −10% per decade) and near the Adriatic coast in spring (from −6% to −10% per decade). Non-significant negative and positive trends are observed in winter and autumn, respectively. Results indicate significant correlations between winter precipitation and MOi (from −0.3 to −0.7), NAOi (from −0.3 to −0.6) and WeMOi (from 0.3 to 0.6). Significant WeMOi influence is observed in spring and autumn, while NAOi and MOi influence has not been detected. Annual precipitation and WeMOi are significantly correlated in central and eastern Slovenia, while significant NAOi and MOi influence is observed in western Slovenia (with the larger area covered by MOi influence).
This paper examines temporal and spatial patterns of annual and seasonal maximum temperatures (Tmax) in Slovenia and their relationship with atmospheric circulation patterns. A significant increase in maximum temperature (Tmax; from 0.3°C to 0.5°C·decade-1) was observed throughout the country at the annual scale in the period 1963–2014. Significant positive trends are observed on all stations in summer (from 0.4°C to 0.7°C·decade-1) and spring (from 0.4°C to 0.6°C·decade-1). The results indicate significant correlations between the mean annual maximum temperature (Tmax) and the East Atlantic Oscillation (EA) (from 0.5 to 0.7), the Arctic Oscillation (AO) (from 0.4 to 0.7) and the Scandinavian Oscillation (SCAND) (from −0.3 to −0.4) throughout the country. A significant EA influence is observed in all seasons, while the AO influence is noticed in winter and spring, SCAND in spring and summer, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Mediterranean Oscillation (MO) in winter, the East Atlantic/Western Russia Oscillation (EA/WR) in summer and the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in autumn.
Estimation of water quality of Sava River (Vojvodina, Serbia) in the period 2004-2011 using Serbian Water Quality Index (SWQI) IntroductionWater quality is one of the most significant factors that have to be taken into account in evaluation of sustainability of a particular region (Córdoba et al., 2010). The important aspects taken into consideration when examining the top-priority problems of water quality are the economic influence, the influence on human health, the influence on the ecosystem, the influence of the geographic area as well as the duration of the influence (Dalmacija, 2004).The quality of the watercourse at any of the points depends on several key influences: basin lithology, atmospheric influences, climatic conditions and anthropogenic influences (Shrestha, Kazama, 2007). River systems play an important role in the sustainable development of the entire environment, especially if they flow through inhabited areas (Kowalkowski et al., 2006). In order to provide the sustainability of ecological balance, the presence and quality of water are very important (Karadavut et al., 2011) and there have been more researches based upon water quality observing (Parvulescu, Hamchevici, 2010). Anthropogenic influences can cause negative consequencies in short period of time as far as water quality is concerned (Yunus, Nakagoshi, 2004), whereas waterbody pollution represents the result of human activities on one hand, and intensive urbanization development on the other hand (Dragićević et al., 2010). The organic solid load and the dynamics of its degradation are very good indicators of the anthropogenic im- AbstractA Water Quality Index (WQI) is a numeric expression used to evaluate the quality of water bodies and make it easier understood by managers. This paper aims to assess water quality of Sava River in Vojvodina (North Serbia) for the 2004 -2011 period. For this purpose authors applied: Serbian Water Quality Index (SWQI) assessment. WQI value is dimensionless, single number ranging from 0 to 100 (best quality) derived from numerous physical, chemical, biological and microbiological parameters. For the Sava River SWQI was mainly rated as very good. This study shows a clear decrease in water quality during warmer periods of the year. Additionaly, this study shows that water quality along Sava River decreases slightly downstream, of Sremska Mitrovica station but it still provides values that according to SWQI descriptive quality indicator have been defined as good (72-83) and very good (84 -89). Also, this study shows an increase of SWQI downstream of the confluence of Drina River into Sava River. This methodology includes parameters for assessment of organic loading, but does not involve parameters of heavy metals concentration.
A Water Quality Index (WQI) is a numeric expression used to evaluate the quality of water bodies and make it easier understood by managers. This paper aims to assess water quality of Drina River in Serbia for the 2004-2011 period. For this purpose authors applied: Serbian Water Quality Index (SWQI). WQI value is dimensionless, single number ranging from 0 to 100 (best quality) derived from numerous physical, chemical, biological and microbiological parameters. For the Drina River SWQI was mainly rated as excellent. This study shows a clear decrease in water quality during summer period. Additionaly, this study shows that water quality along Drina River decreases slightly downstream, but it still provides values that according to SWQI descriptive quality indicator have been defined as excellent (90-100). This methodology includes parameters for assessment of organic loading, but does not involve parameters of heavy metals concentration.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.