BackgroundResistance and aerobic training are recommended as an adjunctive treatment for hypertension. However, the number of sessions required until the hypotensive effect of the exercise has stabilized has not been clearly established.ObjectiveTo establish the adaptive kinetics of the blood pressure (BP) responses as a function of time and type of training in hypertensive patients.MethodsWe recruited 69 patients with a mean age of 63.4 ± 2.1 years, randomized into one group of resistance training (n = 32) and another of aerobic training (n = 32). Anthropometric measurements were obtained, and one repetition maximum (1RM) testing was performed. BP was measured before each training session with a digital BP arm monitor. The 50 training sessions were categorized into quintiles. To compare the effect of BP reduction with both training methods, we used two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for the BP values obtained before the interventions. The differences between the moments were established by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsThe reductions in systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were 6.9 mmHg and 5.3 mmHg, respectively, with resistance training and 16.5 mmHg and 11.6 mmHg, respectively, with aerobic training. The kinetics of the hypotensive response of the SBP showed significant reductions until the 20th session in both groups. Stabilization of the DBP occurred in the 20th session of resistance training and in the 10th session of aerobic training.ConclusionA total of 20 sessions of resistance or aerobic training are required to achieve the maximum benefits of BP reduction. The methods investigated yielded distinct adaptive kinetic patterns along the 50 sessions.

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Purpose. to verify the validity of Instant Heart Rate ® application in smartphones for the measurement of exercise heart rate. Methods. the individuals were initially instructed about all the procedures to be performed and signed the consent form. Anthropometric measures and rest heart rate were evaluated before the experimental session of the study. the subjects partici pated in a selfselected exercise on a cycle ergometer for 10 minutes. Results. the results for validity demonstrated in an iPhone/iOs ® smartphone revealed the intraclass correlation coefficient of r = 0.87 with a tendency to overestimate the heart rate by 5 bpm. For the Lenovo/Android ® model, the intraclass correlation coefficient was r = 0.98, underestimating the values by-0.7 bpm. thus, both systems presented high correlation values, and the error observed did not seem to compromise the several measures that use heart rate as a parameter. Conclusions. It is possible to conclude that heart rate monitoring by the Instant Heart Rate ® application on iPhone/iOs ® and Lenovo/Android ® operating system smartphones can be performed safely during exercise, with the Lenovo/Android ® base being even more reliable than the iPhone/iOs ® system.

The effect of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on affective responses is unclear due to the several variables of HIIE, which may be minimized by using derived variables (e.g. amplitude). The amplitude reflects the difference between stimulus and recovery intensities, being more representative of the physiological changes than central tendency variables such as average intensity. This study aimed to compare the affective responses in HIIE sessions in different amplitudes with a vigorous-intensity continuous exercise (VICE) session. Eleven participants completed five sessions. The peak oxygen consumption (VO 2Peak ) and peak power (W peak ) were measured. Participants performed one VICE and three HIIE sessions (10x[1min-90%W Peak /1min-50%W Peak ]; 10x[1min-100%W Peak /1min-40%W Peak ]; and 10x[1min-110%W Peak /1min-40%W Peak ]). The exercise sessions were performed at the same average intensity (70%W Peak ) and duration (20 min). The Feeling Scale (FS) was applied in each minute throughout the exercise sessions. Regarding the FS responses, a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed no significant interaction for FS (P=0.093) or main effect for condition (P=0.206) and time (P=0.078), indicating that irrespective of the amplitude of the HIIE, FS results were similar between conditions. The effect size (ES) analysis showed a small effect in favour of HIIE-90/50 (ES=0.30) and HIIE-100/40 (ES=0.26) and a null effect on HIIE-110/30 (ES=0.08) when compared to VICE. Chi-squared analysis showed no significant differences between conditions in the number of participants that reduced, maintained, or increased the FS from pre-exercise to last stimulus and recovery indicating a high variability of the affective responses. HIIE sessions provide similar affective responses when performed at the same average intensity, even with different amplitudes. KEYWORDS Psychology; health; behaviour; aerobic fitness Highlights . HIIE amplitude reflects the difference between stimulus and recovery intensities and seems not to modulate the affective responses to HIIE sessions configured with different amplitudes. . HIIE sessions performed at the same average intensity and different amplitudes result in similar affective responses. . High inter-individual variability of affective responses occurs in HIIE sessions configured based on the amplitude.

Purpose. the purposes of this study were: (a) to compare the sensation of pleasure, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and pain in different volumes (volitional failure [VF] vs. fixed repetitions [FR]), equalizing the intensity; and (b) to compare the sensation of pleasure, RPE, and pain in different intensities (40%, 60%, and 80%) of one-repetition maximum (1RM), with equalization of training volume. Methods. A total of 12 trained men (aged 24.9 ± 4.3 years) performed 3 sets of seated row, leg press 180°, and chest press at 3 different intensities (40%, 60%, and 80% 1RM) for both training strategies (VF vs. FR).Results. there was a decrease in pleasure and an increase in RPE and pain in VF training sessions at intensities of 40% and 60% 1RM compared with FR. However, no difference was observed for the intensity of 80% 1RM for pleasure. A doseresponse effect was revealed in the comparison of intensities for pain and RPE. In turn, no effect was found for pleasure. Conclusions. VF training sessions decreased responses regarding pleasure, as well as increased RPE and perceived pain for the intensities of 40% and 60% 1RM when compared with the same intensity in FR among trained men. Different intensities were not able to change the sensation of pleasure.