O Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (PNI) é uma Unidade de Conservação de proteção integral, que tem por objetivo preservar ambientes aquáticos e terrestres da região da mata atlântica em virtude de sua beleza e raridade. A conservação do PNI depende diretamente das áreas ao redor e o uso irregular destas áreas circunvizinhas impacta negativamente nos processos ecológicos do parque. Observando essa problemática o presente estudo visa analisar a expansão antrópica na região oeste do município de Resende – RJ, em relação ao PNI. Realizaram-se pesquisas bibliográfica e documental sobre o Plano Diretor (PD) do município de Resende e o Plano de Manejo (PM) do PNI. Através de processos de geoprocessamento com base na legislação vigente, analisou-se documentos cartográficos processados a partir da vetorização de shapefiles no Arcgis 10.2 e análise temporal nos anos de 2003, 2013 e 2017 dos dados disponíveis no Google Earth. Os resultados demonstram diminuição das pastagens e aumento do número de edificações ao longo dos anos de estudo. O PM do PNI e o PD de Resende consideram o entorno do parque como uma região sujeita a restrições de atividades humanas, com o intuito de minimizar os impactos negativos ao parque. Contudo, por falta de integração entre os planos alguns pontos se tornam divergentes, muito em decorrência do PD não levar em consideração a zona de amortecimento (ZA) do PNI. Conclui-se o controle da ação antrópica na região é fundamental para garantia e preservação do PNI no município de Resende, a fim de promover um desenvolvimento sustentável. Analysis of the anthropic expansion in the western region of the municipality of Resende - RJ, in relation to the Itatiaia National Park The National Park of Itatiaia (PNI) is a Conservation Unit of integral protection, whose objective is to preserve aquatic and terrestrial environments of the region of the Atlantic forest due to its beauty and rarity. The conservation of the PNI depends directly on the surrounding areas and the irregular use of the surrounding areas has a negative impact on the ecological processes of the park. Observing this problem, the present study aims to analyze the anthropic expansion in the western region of the city of Resende - RJ, in relation to the PNI. Bibliographical and documentary research on the Master Plan (PD) of the municipality of Resende and the Management Plan (PM) of the PNI were carried out. Through geoprocessing processes based on the current legislation, we analyzed cartographic documents processed from the vectorization of shapefiles in Arcgis 10.2 and temporal analysis in the years 2003, 2013 and 2017 of the data available in Google Earth. The results demonstrate a reduction of pastures and an increase in the number and buildings throughout the study years. The PM of the PNI and the PD of Resende consider the surroundings of the park as a region subject to restrictions of human activities, in order to minimize the negative impacts to the park. However, due to lack of integration between the plans some points become divergent, much as the PD does not take into account the buffer zone (ZA) of the PNI. The control of the anthropic action in the region is fundamental to guarantee and preserve the PNI in the municipality of Resende, in order to promote a sustainable development. Keywords: Expansion; Geoprocessing; Protection Area.
In Brazil, extensive livestock farming predominates, often in soils with low agricultural potential and susceptible to degradation, mainly in terms of physical aspects and water infiltration. Thus, this work aims to analyze the impact caused by the succession process in soil of different pasture areas, with an emphasis on their physical quality and physical-hydric characteristics, relating them to the role played by naturally observed ecosystem services. For this, 4 grazing areas were selected, in Red Ultisol, under different levels of natural succession: grazing in good visual conditions (PB); pasture under low scrub (CB); pasture under high scrub (CA); pasture under “capoeirão” (CAO), in the Ribeirão José Pereira microbasin (Itajubá - MG). The physical attributes were determined: soil density, porosity, size and stability of aggregates, as well as their classification as to the formation path. The infiltration analysis was carried out with the aid of a Guelph permeameter and the resistance to mechanical penetration of the soil with an impact penetrometer. For analysis of the results, analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5%, Pearson's correlation and multivariate statistics of main components were used. The natural succession in abandoned pastures improves the physical quality of the soil, with the production of larger, more stable aggregates and of biogenic formation over time. The areas could be classified according to their quality, in the following increasing order: PB < CB < CA < CAO, which respected the action of natural succession and, therefore, of ecosystem services.
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