This CA helps to improve HbA1c figures of T2DM patients with insulin when it is used by PCPs to make decisions when starting, continuing, or changing insulin and its dosage.
Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) is a frequent disorder associated with premature coronary artery disease. It is transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner, although there is not a unique gene involved. The diagnosis is performed using clinical criteria, and variability in lipid phenotype and family history of hyperlipidemia are necessaries. Frequently, the disorder is associated with type2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and central obesity. Patients with FCH are considered as high cardiovascular risk and the lipid target is an LDL-cholesterol <100mg/dL, and <70mg/dL if cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes are present. Patients with FCH require lipid lowering treatment using potent statins and sometimes, combined lipid-lowering treatment. Identification and management of other cardiovascular risk factors as type 2 diabetes and hypertension are fundamental to reduce cardiovascular disease burden. This document gives recommendations for the diagnosis and global treatment of patients with FCH directed to specialists and general practitioners.
Aging has been associated with a decay of hippocampal function that may begin well before senescence. Conditioned blocking is a complex learning phenomenon that requires an intact hippocampus in young-adult rats and is absent in middle-aged rats. The aim of the present study was to test the possibility of re-establishing conditioned blocking in 17-month-old Wistar rats by neurotransplantation. Solid embryonic hippocampal or nigral tissue was bilaterally transplanted in the proximity of the dorsal hippocampus (lateral ventricle and alveus). Conditioned blocking of an aversion to a cider vinegar (3%) solution presented in compound with a previously conditioned saccharin solution (0.1%) appeared 14 days after transplantation and persisted 3 months later only in the hippocampal grafted group, showing the possibility of restoring age-related cognitive deficits.
The amygdala and hippocampus play crucial roles in the latent inhibition of different conditioned responses, such as fear conditioned. Nevertheless, the involvement of these structures in the latent inhibition of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is uncertain. In the present study, we explore the relevance of the amygdala and hippocampus in latent inhibition using a CTA paradigm. The effects of taste pre-exposures vs. non-pre-exposures on taste aversion conditioning were compared in Wistar rats with amygdaloid or hippocampal excitotoxic lesions. All pre-exposed animals consumed significantly more on the test day than did non-pre-exposed animals. Therefore, neither amygdaloid nor hippocampal lesions prevented the latent inhibition phenomenon. However, the expected taste neophobia was potentially affected by lesions to either the amygdala or hippocampus. These findings suggest that the amygdala and hippocampus seem to be necessary for taste neophobia but not for the acquisition of latent inhibition of CTA. The differential involvement of both structures in latent inhibition under different associative learning paradigms is briefly discussed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.