We developed and implemented a methodology that allowed extracting and evaluating high molecular weight polysaccharides present in the gel of Aloe barbadensis Miller. One of the fractions evaluated revealed the presence of high molecular weight carbohydrates (200 kDa) with a behavior similar to that of acemannan and another fraction with compounds of molecular weights between 17 and 47 kDa. We quantified the concentration of acemannan for two different growing periods. The concentration of acemannan in the high molecular weight fraction was 99.97 ppm in the rainy season and 106.03 ppm in the dry season. The concentration of acemannan in the fraction of low molecular weight was 9.364 ppm during the season of greatest rainfall and 26.939 ppm in the dry season.
The present study evaluates the immunomodulatory effect of high molecular weight fractions of Aloe vera polysaccharides harvested during the dry season (March-April) and the rainy season (August-September). Peritoneal macrophages (MΦs) secluded from Balb/c mice underwent treatment with A. vera leaves extract and acemannan standard (the major component found in A. vera) and stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Macrophage cell viability was assessed by the 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide method. Phagocytic activity was also evaluated in peritoneal macrophages, such as the production of nitric oxide and interleukin 6 (IL-6). In the results, found that the A. vera polysaccharides harvested during the rainy season stimulated the phagocytic activity with greater intensity than dry season and improvement NO and IL-6 production. No cytotoxic effect was found on cell viability and they cause a significant proliferative effect on macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. It can be concluded that the A. vera polysaccharides harvested during the rainy season possessed a stronger immunostimulatory effect compared to the extracts from leaves obtained during dry seasons in a concentration-dependent manner without aff at the cell viability of macrophages.
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