The "universal" characteristics of creative industries revisited: The case of Riga Rozentale, I.; Lavanga, M. General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Creative industries; creative firms; characteristics; place--specificity; Riga Abstract: ''Creative industries" has emerged as a universal research and policy concept exploited for the advocacy of economic development of cities, regions and countries. Existent literature implies assumptions char-- acterising the nature of the set of activities that constitute creative industries. While studies have shown the place--specificity of the conditions relative to the development of these industries, there is little acknowledgment of the potential place--specificity of their characteristics. This article combines statistical data with the results of a survey of creative firms in Riga (Latvia) to explore the extent to which the com--mon assumptions about the features of creative industries expressed in the literature correspond to real--ity in less economically developed urban settings. The results show that creative industries in Riga display only some of the assumed characteristics, while assumptions such as high levels of innovation and growth used to advocate their importance could not be confirmed.
Against the backdrop of research and policy advocating the growth potential of creative industries' sectors in advanced economies, this article examines the performance of creative industries during economic crisis in a less advanced European city-region: Riga in Latvia. It discusses the data on entrepreneurial activity, employment, turnover and value-added of creative industries relative to the economy on average between 2007 and 2010. The results show that creative industries as a whole underperform compared with the economy on average during recession, however not all subsectors show the same patterns. Hence, it is suggested that a more sector-and place-specific approach would benefit both policy-making and research dealing with the role of creative industries in economic development.
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