Background Under conditions of oxidative stress, hydroxyl radicals can oxidize phenylalanine (Phe) into various tyrosine (Tyr) isomers (meta‐, ortho‐, and para‐tyrosine; m‐, o‐, and p‐Tyr), depending on the location of the hydroxyl group on the oxidized benzyl ring. This study aimed to compare patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non‐STEMI (NSTEMI) and the serum levels of Phe and Tyr isomers at the aortic root and distal to the culprit lesion in both groups. Methods Forty‐four patients participated in the study: 23 with STEMI and 21 with NSTEMI. Arterial blood samples were taken from the aortic root through a guiding catheter and from the culprit vessel segment distal from the primary lesion with an aspiration catheter, during the percutaneous coronary intervention. Serum levels of Phe, p‐Tyr, m‐Tyr, and o‐Tyr were determined using reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Results Serum levels of Phe were significantly higher distal to the culprit lesion compared to the aortic root in patients with STEMI. Serum p‐Tyr/Phe and m‐Tyr/Phe concentration ratios were both lower distal to the culprit lesion than at the aortic root in patients with STEMI. There were no statistically significant differences with respect to changes in serum Phe and Tyr isomers distal to the culprit lesion compared to the aortic root in patients with NSTEMI. Conclusion Our data suggest that changes in serum levels of different Tyr isomers can mediate the effects of oxidative stress during myocardial infarction.
Introduction: This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients from Hungary and Iraq, suffering from acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and investigate the effects of MetS on hospital outcomes, in particular mortality and its relation to differences in patients' baseline characteristics. Material and methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in two cardiac centers between May 2018 and May 2019. It included 164 consecutive ACS patients: 64 patients from the Cardiac Clinic in Pécs, Hungary and 100 patients from Al Nassiryah Heart Center, Iraq. Baseline characteristics, clinical management, and in-hospital and 30-day post-discharge outcomes were recorded. Results: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among ACS patients in Iraq? was not significantly higher than in Hungary (25.0% vs 34.1%; P = 0.306). There were no significant differences in age between those with and without MetS (64.2 vs 63.3 years; P = 0.394). MetS was associated with a higher median BMI (28.0 vs 23.7 kg/m 2 ; P < 0.001), hyperlipidemia (37.8% vs 12.8%; P < 0.001), hypertension (48.8% vs 27.4%; P = 0.024), high cholesterol (5.4 vs 4.1 mmol/L; P < 0.001), high LDL-C (3.5 vs 2.6 mmol/L; P < 0.001), and high triglycerides (1.4 vs 1.1 mmol/L; P < 0.001). MetS was associated with a higher risk of out hospital re-infarction (12.8% vs 3.7%; P = 0.031) and MACE (17.7% and 6.1%; P = 0.027). Conclusions: Current study did not show any significant difference in the incidence of MetS between ACS patients in the two countries. But patients with MetS were significantly more likely to be associated with MACE (P = 0.027).
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