RESUMELa Réserve Partielle de Faune de Dosso est une aire protégée à statut de zone tampon du parc national du W du Niger. De sa création (1962) à aujourd'hui, la réserve est devenue l'espace d'accueil des réfugiés écologiques (migrants agricoles et éleveurs peulhs) du Niger et des pays limitrophes. Une destruction massive de son potentiel ligneux et faunique a été observée ces trois décennies, décriées par les gestionnaires forestiers. Cette étude vise à analyser la dynamique du paysage de la réserve couvrant la période 1986 à 2016. Les images Landsat 5 TM (1986) et Landsat 8 OLI (2016) ont servi de source de données pour cette étude. La classification supervisée par maximum de vraisemblance et le calcul d'indices écologiques ont permis de quantifier la dynamique d'occupation du sol et de détecter les transformations spatiales survenues en 30 ans, au moyen des logiciels ENVI 7.1 et Arcgis 10.2. Les résultats montrent globalement une forte progression des classes d'occupation du sol champs-jachères et sols nus contre une nette régression des classes de formations forestières naturelles. Les transformations spatiales en cours sont la fragmentation, la dissection et la perforation des classes de végétation naturelle. Cette étude a permis de mettre en lumière les processus de transformation spatiale en cours dans le paysage de la réserve et de déterminer les indicateurs d'état pouvant servir de base à la gestion et à la conservation des ressources forestières de la réserve de partielle de faune de Dosso au Niger. ABSTRACTThe Dosso Wildlife Reserve is a protected area with buffer zone status in Niger's W National Park. From its creation (1962) to today, the reserve has become the reception area for environmental refugees (agricultural migrants and Fulani pastoralists) from Niger and neighboring countries. A massive destruction of its ligneous I. K. ABDOU et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 13(2): 1094-1108, 2019 1095 and faunal potential has been observed these three decades, decried by the forest managers. This study aims to analyze the landscape dynamics of the reserve covering the period 1986 to 2016. The Landsat 5 TM (1986) and Landsat 8 OLI (2016) images served as a data source for this study. Maximum likelihood-based classification and ecological index computation were used to quantify land cover dynamics and to detect spatial transformations over 30 years using ENVI 7.1 and Arcgis 10.2 software. Overall, the results show a sharp increase in land-fallow and bare soil occupation classes against a clear regression of the natural forest formation classes. The spatial transformations in progress are fragmentation, dissection and perforation of the vegetation classes natural. This study shed light on the spatial transformation processes underway in the reserve landscape and to determine the state indicators that can be used as a basis for the management and conservation of the forest resources of the partial wildlife reserve from Dosso to Niger.
Maintaining the economic, ecological and social services provided by the oases and the valley ecosystems of Aϊr, in the northern part of Niger, is important for local communities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the supply and regulation services provided by these ecosystems through wood energy and carbon sequestration. Semi-structured surveys and dendrometric parameter measurements of woody species were carried out. In total, 9 villages were surveyed, and 558 trees of all woody species were inventoried in 65 plots. Most of the resources are distributed in lowlands and valleys along the toposequence. These topographical units are favourable for the accumulation of rainwater and also serve as resources for the wellbeing of the local population, especially their wood energy needs. Businesses have developed around the production and sale of charcoal. The carbon stock of the woody species was found significantly varied (P ≤ 0.05) between the different topographical units. Four allometric models of carbon estimation were developed, of which the model with diameter at breast height (DBH), height and wood density as the predictor variables was the most efficient. This study can be used for the formulation of policies and strategies for the sustainable management of Aïr Massif's natural resources to benefit the welfare of local communities.
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