IntroductionThe present study investigates the role of 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT-derived whole-body metabolic and volumetric parameters in the prediction of treatment response and prognosis among metastatic hormonerefractory prostate cancer patients undergoing secondgeneration androgen receptor axis-targeted therapy (abiraterone or enzalutamide).
Materials and methodsThis retrospective study included 44 metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients undergoing 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT, including 29 enzalutamide-treated and 15 abiraterone-treated patients.
ResultsOf the 44 patients included in the study, 29 received enzalutamide and 15 received abiraterone. During treatment, the changes in PET parameters were correlated with the PSA (biochemical) response. More specifically, a positive correlation was noted between PSA response and percent change in TLP (∆TLP) response, and there was concordance between the results (r = 0.652, k = 0.42, P < 0.001). Baseline PSA (P =0.05), high MTVw (P = 0.005), the increase in ∆PSA (P = 0.036), ∆TLP (P = 0.039) and percent change in MTV (∆MTV) (P = 0.049) values were identified as factors associated with mortality risk.Multivariate analysis showed that PSA1 [odds ratio (OR): 1.005, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.002-1.008, P = 0.004], ∆PSA (OR: 14.7, 95% CI 1.50-143.7, P = 0.02) and MTVw1 (OR: 11.4,6, P = 0.04) were independent prognostic factors associated with mortality risk.
ConclusionA statistically significant concordance and correlation was noted between 68 Ga-PSMA PET/ CT-derived whole-body metabolic parameters (∆TLP and ∆MTV) and ∆PSA. In addition, the baseline PSA, ∆PSA, ∆TLP, ∆MTV and TMTV were identified as predictive factors for mortality risk.
Introduction: Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio (MHR) has emerged as a novel marker of endothelial injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the effect of MHR on primary nephrotic syndrome (NS) and its relationship with the severity of proteinuria.Methods: This study enrolled 161 patients newly diagnosed with primary NS and 100 healthy individuals. Demographic characteristics of the patients, primary NS diagnosis, basal laboratory parameters, the amount of 24-hour urinary protein excretion, and MHR were recorded. The groups were compared regarding these parameters.Results: MHR was significantly higher in patients with primary NS compared with the healthy group (12.89 ± 4.86 and 9.71 ± 2.30, respectively; p < 0.001). There was no difference between the groups in terms of age and sex. The amount of protein in the 24-hour urine in patients with a diagnosis of primary NS was 6.91 ± 3.73 g/day. The correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between MHR and the amount of proteinuria (r = 0.519, p < 0.001) and creatinine level (r = 0.167, p = 0.034). The multivariate regression analysis found that the severity of proteinuria was independently correlated to MHR (p < 0.001). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal cut-off level for MHR in NS was 10.08 (area under the curve of 0.704, sensitivity of 68%, and a specificity of 62%).
Conclusion:Our study is the first to compare the severity of proteinuria and renal functions with MHR in patients with primary NS. We believe that MHR can be used as a biomarker to determine inflammation, endothelial injury, and the level of oxidative stress, and may be useful to predict prognosis in patients with primary NS.
Background
Gastritis is a collective name for disorders resulting from inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa. Caesalpina sappan and Spirulina has various pharmacological activities, including the alleviation of gastritis.The study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Caesalpina sappan and Spirulina against gastritis and determine changes in the expression of CD8, CD68, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
Methods
Gastritis was induced in 24 female Wistar albino rats on the first day using ethanol. The treatment groups were given C. sappan (250 mg/kg) and Spirulina (400 mg/kg) using oral gavage for 5 days. Blood and stomach tissue samples of the mice were analyzed.
Results
This study was found that C. sappan and Spirulina increased CD8 and CD68 expression levels, thereby decreasing the severity of inflammation. A simultaneous decrease in MHC I and MHC II expressing cells was observed in the treatment group. It was found that superoxide dismutase levels increased, whereas tumor necrosis factor-alpha, malondialdehyde, and myeloperoxidase levels decreased in the treatment group.
Conclusion
This study revealed that C. sappan and Spirulina can protect gastric mucosa by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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