Isolasi dan identifikasi dilakukan pada jamur makro yang diperoleh dari Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh isolat murni dari jamur makro yang diperoleh dan mengetahui identitasnya. Isolat murni jamur makro diperoleh dari isolasi jaringan tubuh buah pada media PDA+ antibiotik. Identifikasi dilakukan secara morfologi dan molekuler pada isolat yang diperoleh. Sebanyak 14 isolat jamur makro anggota filum Basidiomycota dan Ascomycota telah berhasil diisolasi dari 38 spesimen jamur makro dari Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak. Namun, hanya sebanyak 8 dari 14 isolat yang dapat diidentifikasi molekuler dengan baik. Kedelapan spesimen jamur makro tersebut tergolong ke dalam 2 filum, 2 kelas, 4 marga, dan 7 suku. Sebanyak 3 isolat dapat diidentifikasi molekuler dengan baik hingga tingkat spesies yakni Xylaria schweinitzii, Agaricus flocculosipes, dan Fomitopsis feei. Kelima isolat lainnya hanya dapat diidentifikasi hingga level genus yakni Ganoderma sp., Pleurotus sp., Rigidoporus sp., Gymnopus sp., dan Agaricus sp. Isolat yang diperoleh selanjutnya dapat dilakukan penapisan untuk mendapatkan isolat yang potensial dan dapat dimanfaatkan dalam bioprospeksi.
Chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is a common commodity used as spice and pharmaceutical uses around the world. However, chili pepper cultivation failure often occurs due to drought exposure. The inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), such as Funneliformis mosseae, has the potential to induce defense against drought stress through symbiotic association with plant roots. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of F. mosseae inoculation on the growth of chili pepper under repeated drought stress. Chili pepper plants were exposed to three drought regimes for two cycles, with one rewatering event between the cycles. The plant agronomic variables, physiological performance, and microorganism parameters were observed. The results showed that the plant height, fresh and dry shoot weight, along with fresh and dry root weight increased significantly with F. mosseae inoculation under repeated drought stress. The F. mosseae treatment also increased water relative content and decreased proline and lipid peroxidation significantly. Although drought exposure decreased the AMF root colonization rate, the total microbial activity and glomalin-related soil protein were still increased by the F. mosseae inoculation. However, F. mosseae inoculation was negatively correlated to the abundance of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. The results suggested that F. mosseae gave positive effects on C. frutescens L. growth under repeated drought stress through induced morphological and physiological responses.
The presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal in soil may affect growth and yield of chili (Capsicum annuum L.). This experiment was done to know the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on growth of chilli. Microwave soil sterilization was used to reduce the number of microbes in the media, enabling to observe the interaction between chili peppers and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A single culture products (A) and mixed culture products (B) were used as arbuscular mycorrhizal spores. In contrast to product A, the spore counted calculation reported that product B had the most spores, with 51 spores / 50 g soil. The treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and microwave sterilization against the height of chili plant had no significant effect, according to a two-factor ANOVA (α: 0.05) analysis of agronomic characteristics. Inoculation of mycorrhizae had a significant effect on chili plant height. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and microwave sterilization had significant effect on the root length of chili plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in single and mixed cultures could colonize roots by forming internal hyphae, vesicles, and spores. The best way to support the growth of chili plants is to use planting media that has not been sterilized and contains mycorrhizal fungi.
We investigated the biocontrol activity of A. pullulans Dmg 30 DEP against Alternaria solani causal agent of early blight. Biocontrol activity was tested by the in vivo and ad planta. Biocontrol activity were tested by investigating the antibiosis capabilities with dual culture method, paper dish assay, two-compartment petri dish assay, and trapping and identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with GC-MS. Lysis activity was examined by observing the clear zone formed by growing yeast on chitin agar and skim milk agar. The ability of hyperparasitism was assessed by the agar block method, and observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that A. pullulans Dmg 30 DEP plays a role in the suppression of early blight disease at 106 cells/ml and 107 cells/ml yeast cell density. The mechanism involved in biocontrol activity is the production of VOCs, the production of chitinase and protease enzymes, the production of siderophore and hyperparasitism. The result shows that A. pullulans Dmg 30 DEP was colonizing the tomato leaves following the areole.
In recent years, attention to microbial dehalogenase has continually increased due to its potential application, both in bioremediation and in the biosynthesis of fine chemicals. Many microbial recombinant strains carrying dehalogenase gene have been developed, particularly to increase the dehalogenase production and its quality. In this study, we aimed to find the optimum condition for the production of active haloacid dehalogenase by E. coli BL21 (DE3) harboring recombinant plasmid pET-bcfd1 that carried haloacid dehalogenase gene from Bacillus cereus IndB1 local strain. This would be examined by assessing the ability of whole cell life culture to degrade monochloroacetic acid (MCA) and quantifying the chloride ion released into the medium. Several variables were evaluated to find this optimal condition. We found that the best condition for MCA biodegradation using this recombinant clone was at 0.2 mM MCA, 10 μM of isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), 6 hours of pre-induction incubation at 37ºC with shaking, 2 hours IPTG induction at 30ºC with shaking, at pH 7 in Luria Bertani (LB) liquid medium without NaCl, which produced about 0.056 mM chloride ions. Inducer concentration, pre-induction incubation time and temperature, as well as induction time and temperature were apparent to be associated with the expression of the protein, while the MCA concentration and the pH of the medium influenced the ability of the recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET-bcfd1 to grow in toxic environment. Our findings laid the foundation for exploration of dehalogenases from local Bacillus strains through genetic engineering for MCA biodegradation
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