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In recent times, the utilisation of marine composites in tubular structures has grown in popularity. These applications include composite risers and related SURF (subsea umbilicals, risers and flowlines) units. The composite industry has evolved in the development of advanced composites, such as thermoplastic composite pipes (TCP) and hybrid composite structures. However, there are gaps in the understanding of its performance in composite risers, hence the need for this review on the design, hydrodynamics and mechanics of composite risers. The review covers both the structure of the composite production riser (CPR) and its end-fittings for offshore marine applications. It also reviews the mechanical behaviour of composite risers, their microstructure and strength/stress profiles. In principle, designers now have a greater grasp of composite materials. It was concluded that composites differ from standard materials such as steel. Basically, composites have weight savings and a comparative stiffness-to-strength ratio, which are advantageous in marine composites. Also, the offshore sector has grown in response to newer innovations in composite structures such as composite risers, thereby providing new cost-effective techniques. This comprehensive review shows the necessity of optimising existing designs of composite risers. Conclusions drawn portray issues facing composite riser research. Recommendations were made to encourage composite riser developments, including elaboration of necessary standards and specifications.

Recent activities in the oil and gas industry have shown an increasing need for monitoring engagements, such as in shipping, logistics, exploration, drilling, or production. Hence, there is a need to have asset management of these offshore assets (or facilities). Much of the offshore infrastructure is currently approaching or past its operational life expectancy. The study presents an overview on asset management of offshore facilities towards monitoring, safe practices, maintenance, and sustainability. This study outlines the major considerations and the steps to take when evaluating asset life extensions for an aging offshore structure (or asset). The design and construction of offshore structures require some materials that are used to make the structural units, such as offshore platform rigs, ships, and boats. Maintaining existing assets in the field and developing new platforms that are capable of extracting future oil and gas resources are the two key issues facing the offshore sector. This paper also discusses fault diagnosis using sensors in the offshore facilities. The ocean environment is constantly corrosive, and the production activities demand extremely high levels of safety and reliability. Due to the limited space and remote location of most offshore operations, producing cost-effective, efficient, and long-lasting equipment necessitates a high level of competence. This paper presents the guidelines on asset monitoring, sustainable maintenance, and safety practices for offshore structures. In this study, the management of offshore structures were also presented with some discussions on fault monitoring using sensors. It also proposes sustainable asset management approaches as guidelines that are advised, with policy implications.

Following the rising technological advancements on composite marine structures, there is a corresponding surge in the demand for its deployment as ocean engineering applications. The push for exploration activities in deep waters necessitates the need for composite marine structures to reduce structural payload and lessen weights/loads on platform decks. This gain is achieved by its high strength–stiffness modulus and light-in-weight attributes, enabling easier marine/offshore operations. Thus, the development of composite marine risers considers critical composite characteristics to optimize marine risers’ design. Hence, an in-depth study on composite production risers (CPR) is quite pertinent in applying composite materials to deep water applications. Two riser sections of 3 m and 5 m were investigated under a 2030 m water depth environment to minimise structural weight. ANSYS Composites ACP was utilized for the CPR’s finite element model (FEM) under different load conditions. The choice of the material, the fibre orientation, and the lay-up configurations utilised in the modelling technique have been reported. In addition, the behaviour of the composite risers’ layers under four loadings has been investigated under marine conditions. Recommendations were made for the composite tubular structure. Results on stresses and weight savings were obtained from different composite riser configurations. The recommended composite riser design that showed the best performance is AS4/PEEK utilising PEEK liner, however more work is suggested using global design loadings on the CPR.

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The increasing energy demand has led to more explorations in the oil and gas industry. To achieve this, marine risers and pipelines are used to convey fluid and other resources to meet the increasing demand. In recent years, hybrid flexible composite risers have become more adaptable. Flexible risers have already proven to be a popular riser solution for various floating production systems in shallow to deepwater in many parts of the world due to their good dynamic behaviour and dependability. The hybrid flexible composite riser is made up of numerous layers of plastics, flexible pipes, composites, and steel. Some innovative monitoring methods, such as Fiber Optics Bragg Gratings (FBG), are based on a clamped composite structure with embedded optical fibre. This study presents characteristics of the monitoring techniques of composite flexible riser technology. The advantages of the monitoring techniques include aiding composite riser measurements, recording data from riser deformation, improving integrity assurance, and dependability of design from stable readings. It also proposes some design approaches as guidelines that are advised, with some policy implications.

Diverse forms of offshore oil and gas structures are utilized for a wide range of purposes and in varying water depths. They are designed for unique environments and water depths around the world. The applications of these offshore structures require different activities for proper equipment selection, design of platform types, and drilling/production methods. This paper will provide a general overview of these operations as well as the platform classifications. In this paper, a comprehensive review is conducted on different offshore petroleum structures. This study examines the fundamentals of all types of offshore structures (fixed and floating), as well as the applications of these concepts for oil exploration and production. The study also presents various design parameters for state-of-the-art offshore platforms and achievements made in the industry. Finally, suitable types of offshore platforms for various water depths are offered for long-term operations. An extension of this study (Part II) covers sustainable design approaches and project management on these structures; this review helps designers in understanding existing offshore structures, and their uniqueness. Hence, the review also serves as a reference data source for designing new offshore platforms and related structures.

Offshore structures exist in a variety of forms, and they are used for a variety of functions in varied sea depths. These structures are tailored for certain environments and sea depths. Different actions for suitable equipment selection, platform type design, and drilling/production processes are required for the applications of these offshore structures, as given in Part I. This paper is the second part, which outlines various processes, loads, design approaches and project management of offshore platforms. To achieve these, proper planning must be conducted for lifting, transportation, installation, design, fabrication, and commissioning of these offshore platforms. Some historical developments of some offshore structures are presented, and some project planning routines are undertaken in this research. The ultimate goal is to provide a general overview of the many processes of offshore platform design, construction, loadout, transportation, and installation. Some discussions on the design parameters such as water depth and environmental conditions were presented. It also lists various software programs used in engineering designs. The review also includes information on cutting-edge offshore platforms and industry advancements. Ultimately, for long-term operations, various types of offshore platforms for specific seawater depths are available.