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a b s t r a c tIn this study, the entrained flow gasification (EFG) of Kentucky coal and wood waste had been investigated using detailed kinetics-based ASPEN Plus model and experimental diagnostics. The experimental investigation was conducted in the air-blown atmospheric drop tube experimental facility furnace. The exit gas composition at different equivalence ratios was obtained to validate the developed ASPEN Plus model. In addition, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the char were observed along the gasifier to determine the behavior of the feedstock subjected to gasification and to select proper char gasification models. The model takes into account the passive heating through moisture release, devolatilization, volatile combustion and char gasification. It made the investigation of the gasification process and running sensitivity studies practically feasible as current equilibrium and high fidelity coupled thermo-chemical-flow models are insufficient or pertaining much complexity to use. The model compares reasonably well with the experimental data obtained in this work and is been used to carry out sensitivity study. A rise in the diameter and height sizes lead to an increase in the mole fraction of CO and H 2 throughout the length of the gasifier, an opposite trend was observed for the CO 2 and H 2 O composition. It was also observed that the mole fraction of the syngas was lower for the biomass waste compared to the baseline coal as this is attributed to the higher oxygen content (43.62%) and lower carbon content (49.41%) of the waste biomass compared to coal.

Industrially, deep dearomatization of oil fuels is achieved via catalytic hydrodearomatization (HDA). However, this process suffers from several drawbacks. The most pronounced disadvantages are the intensive energy consumption and the low efficiency toward some aromatic species. With the aim of lowering energy consumption as well as improving the removal efficiency of this process, selective liquid–liquid extraction was proposed in this work. A phosphonium-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (MTPPBr) and triethylene glycol (TEG) in a molar ratio equal to 1:4 (MTPPBr/TEG) was selected for this investigation. The DES was characterized by its water content, density, viscosity, and degradation temperature. Toluene, thiophene, and quinoline were selected to represent the aromatic species in the oil. However, the oil fuel was represented by n-heptane. Next, the solubility of toluene, thiophene, quinoline, and n-heptane in the pure TEG and MTPPBr/TEG was measured at 298.2 K and 1.01 bar. To assess the selectivities and the solute distribution coefficients of the DES for each compound, liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the systems {toluene + n-heptane + MTPPBr/TEG}, {thiophene + n-heptane + MTPPBr/TEG}, and {quinoline + n-heptane + MTPPBr/TEG} were reported at 298.2 K and 1.01 bar. Afterward, a parametric study on an arbitrary oil model of {20% toluene + 2% thiophene + 2% quinoline + 76% n-heptane} was conducted by first testing the single-stage liquid–liquid extraction efficiency for each impurity “toluene, thiophene, and quinoline” at 298.2 K and 1.01 bar. Then, the effects of various operating parameters including the extraction temperature, the solvent-to-feed ratio (S/F), and the initial concentration of the impurity were investigated. Moreover, the number of extraction stages was estimated. Finally, the effect of the repetitive use of DES as well as the possibility of DES regeneration was studied.

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