A study of the oceanic surface layer is presented, taking into account its vertical thermal structure and time-space variability. Oceanographic data from 37 cruises were used. The thickness of the isothermal layer and depth of the 26ºC isotherm were determined. The possible connection between the thermal characteristics of the sea surface layer and tropical cyclone activity was analyzed. The presence of ENSO was considered. We show that the thermal characteristics of Cuban waters are always favorable for tropical cyclone development.
An analysis of the coastal flood behavior onCuban shore area, the influence of the thermohaline structure and its trends is presented, using data archive information from the Cuban Institute of Meteorology, the Institute of Physical Planning and other sources. Weather events that have generated these floods (hurricanes, cold front systems, southern winds and extratropical system combinations) are described, taking into account the influence of ENSO event and thermohaline structure changes at the end of the XX Century. The coastal flooding behavior shows an increase in frequency and intensity in the last 40 years, as a consequence of severe event intensity and frequency growth, in coincidence with higher sea surface temperature, mixed layer depth and salinity on the Cuban surrounding waters. Most of the maximum values of thermohaline parameters were located around the Cuban Western Region, in coincidence with the most favorable area for tropical cyclone development. ENSO acts as an important modulator of the coastal flood occurrence over the Cuban territory. When it is active, its behavior influences on the frequency and intensity increase of winter floods, but inhibits the hurricane activity over the Cuban coastal zone. Hence, in this case, the coastal flood occurrence by hurricanes decreases and the other way around.
Los Eventos Extremos, Impactos en el Caribe y la Lluvia en la Amazonía
IntroducciónEl presente texto aborda un problema actual, que es el posible enlace entre el clima del Caribe, tomando como ejemplo a la isla de Cuba, y el de la Amazonía Brasileña, su evolución futura y los impactos de los eventos extremos en ambas regiones, teniendo como fondo un clima en proceso de rápido cambio.Estudios realizados por diversos científicos (Curry et al. 2003, Anthes et al. 2006, Mitrani et al., 2008, 2012, muestran la importancia del aporte de agua fresca del río Amazonas a la región del Atlántico Central, de manera tal que la estructura termohalina en la región se altera cuando hay cambios en el caudal del Amazonas. Estas aguas son transportadas por las corrientes ecuatoriales hacia el Caribe (Mitrani et al., 2008), así que los cambios en la estructura termohalina también se manifiestan en las aguas caribeñas.
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