Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is one of the perfluoroalkyl acids present in human tissues. In this study, effects on early embryo development after PFNA exposure were investigated using the bovine in vitro production system. Oocytes were exposed to PFNA during maturation in vitro (10 µg mL-1 and 0.1 µg mL-1), and then fertilized and cultured in parallel with control groups. Developmental parameters (cleavage, blastocyst formation) were followed and embryo quality evaluated (stage, grade). Embryos developed after exposure to 0.1 µg mL-1 were stained to distinguish nuclei, active mitochondria and neutral lipids. 10 µg mL-1 of PFNA had a severe negative effect on blastocyst formation (OR: 0.27 p<0.05), an effect not observed at 0.1 µg mL-1. However, lipid droplet distribution was significantly altered in embryos exposed to 0.1 µg mL-1 , suggesting a disturbance of lipid metabolism after exposure to sublethal levels of PFNA during oocyte maturation in vitro.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.