2. Introduction. 3. Human Breast Epithelial Cells (HBEC) in Culture 4. Factors Influencing Susceptibility of HBEC to Cell Transformation 4.1. Lobular differentiation 4.2. Genetic predisposition 4.3. Cell immortalization 5. Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Immortalization 5.1. Activation of telomerase 5.2. Abrogation of cell cycle control 5.3. Genes preferentially expressed during cell immortalization 6. Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Transformation 6.1. Epigenetic mechanisms 6.2. Genetic mechanisms 7. Genomic changes in Immortalization and Transformation of HBEC 7.1. Genomic changes in cell immortalization 7.2. Genomic changes in cell transformation 8. Genomic Changes in Human Breast Lesions 9. Functional Roles of Chromosomes 11 and 17 in Transformed Phenotype Expression of HBEC 10. Summary and Perspectives 11. Acknowledgments 12. References
#2038 Background: The immune response initiation requests the capture and the presentation of the antigens to the specific lymphocytes. The cells that has this capacity are denominated antigen-presenting cells, and the dendritic cell (DC) is the one that has larger specialization degree for these functions. The DC maturation it is considered essential for the beginning of the immune response. The CD83 antigen is a co-stimulator, member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with 45Kd, and your expression is an important marker of the maturation of DC.
 Objectives: To analyze the CD83 antigen expression in the human's breast fibroadenoma and in the adjacent breast tissue and to identify the clinical features that can influence this expression.
 Material and Methods: It is a retrospective study where 29 histopathologic materials of breast fibroadenomas and the adjacent breast tissue, of 28 women in reproductive age, were analyzed. The immunohistochemistry method was used for analysis of the CD83 antigen expression and, subsequently, the cells were counted by light microscopy. A thousand epithelium cells of each case were analyzed (five hundred of the fibroadenoma and five hundred of the adjacent breast tissue) for statistical calculation of the expression or not of the antigen reaction in the cells. We used parametric test (t-Student) for statistical analysis of the results.
 Results: The CD83 antigen expression positive in the fibroadenoma's cells (365.52 ± 133.13) in relation to the adjacent breast tissue's cells (189.59 ± 140.75) was statistically greater (p <0.001). Several clinical features were analyzed, however, only parity showed influence in the expression of the CD83 antigen in the adjacent mammary tissues, and the positive expression was more evident in nulliparous women (p=0.042).
 
 Conclusion: The CD83 antigen expression was statistically greater in the breast fibroadenoma's cells, when compared with the one of the adjacent breast tissue. No clinical variable influenced CD83 expression in the breast's fibroadenoma, however, it was significantly greater in the adjacent normal breast tissue of nulliparous women. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2038.
Comparative'phagocytic activity ofbuffalo blood neutrophils incubated simultaneodv with ~u r e and mixed cultures of Escherichia cdi. Staphylococcus aureus, &d strepcrgtdudue was studied. Flmgo&iC activity for pure bacterial cultures of Staph. aureua, Strep. agahctiae and E. d i were 90.8%, 86.4% and 76.246, respectively. The percent phagocytosis of neutrophils incubated with mixed bacterial cultures was similar to that with pure bacterial cuhres. However. with mixed bacterial cdtures. a maioritv of heutrophils showed preferential ihagocytosia of one species of ba-&ria: l%urc, neutrophds incubated with a mixed bacterial culture ofE. mli and Staph. a m showed a significantly higher phagocytosis of Staph rrureus, with a per cent phagocytosia of approximately 40%. Neutrophils incubated with a mixed bacterial culture of E. coli and Strep. walactiue showed a significantly higher --phagocyt~sia of Strep. ag&tiae, G t h apercent phagoqtnsi~of appmximat+ly 33%. These observations indicate that when buffalo neutrophils are exposed to a mixed bacterial culture the &ity for phagocytizingE. &li was much lees in the presence of Staph. aurells than in the presence of Strep. agalactiae. Key w o r k Buffalo, mixed bacterial cultures, neutmphil, pha@xybsis.
#5003 Background: With the human genome studies, knowledge about polymorphisms started raising interest in a variety of fields and, in medicine, the evidence of direct action of polymorphisms on the arising and progression of diseases, disclosing the possibility of using them as disease predisposition markers. Substitutions, insertions or deletions which are transmitted through generations and reach frequencies equal or superior to 1% in the population are named polymorphisms. Knowing that the mammographic pattern is a multifactorial character, the objectives of this study were to evaluate a possible association of clinical characteristics and polymorphisms HaeIII, MspI and XbaI of the estrogen receptor gene alpha with postmenopausal mammary density. Materials and Methods: A prospective evaluation was made of 120 women who were not hormone therapy users and had no clinically or mammographically identified breast lesions. All of them underwent bilateral mammography, and the radiological density was determined by three independent observers, with two subjective evaluations based on the ACR-BIRADS® classification of mammographic patterns, 2003, and one computerized evaluation – the grey-scale histogram tool of the Adobe Photoshop® 7.0 software. Peripheral blood samples were obtained for DNA extraction, performed according to the GFX® Kit protocol from Amersham-Pharmacia. After DNA extraction, PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) was carried out for an analysis of the polymorphisms present in intron 1 (HaeIII and XbaI) and in exon 1 (MspI) of the estrogen receptor gene. Results: There was a high degree of concordance among the observers in the determination of mammary density (Kappa, Pearson and Spearman - p<0.001). The associations of clinical characteristics with mammary density were: age (p=0.04), body mass index (p<0.0001), age at menarche (p=0.02), age at menopause (p=0.120), age at first delivery (p=0.120), parity (p=0.09). The relation between the allele distribution of the polymorphisms and the density was: XbaI (p=0.02), HaeIII (p=0.65), and MspI (p=0.65). Conclusion: Polymorphism XbaI and the clinical factors age, menarche and body mass index showed to be associated with postmenopausal mammary density. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5003.
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