The clinical course of CCHF among children seems to be milder than in adults. Tonsillopharyngitis is a common symptom among children with CCHF.

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Introduction Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 2nd Edition (BSID-II) and its latest version Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd Edition (Bayley-III) are currently the most widely used standardized developmental tools in both clinical practice and research settings for assessment of development in infancy and early childhood (0-42 monhts), early diagnosis of developmental delays, providing information for early intervention planning, and assessment of the efficiency of these interventions. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development was first published in 1969 [1], it was updated and standardized in 1993 as BSID-II [2]. BSID-II is comprised of two scales, the Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and the Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI). MDI measures the combination of the nonverbal cognitive and language skills, and PDI measures the combination of fine and gross motor skills. The third edition, Bayley-III, was published in 2006, and MDI was divided into cognitive, receptive language, and expressive language subscales, and the PDI into fine motor skills and gross motor skills subscales [3]. Thus, Bayley-III provides significant advantages over BSID-II with regard to assessing the cognitive, receptive language, expressive language, fine motor, and gross motor skills of the child separately and offers more detailed and clear information about areas that may benefit from targeted interventions. The concerns have risen gradually since 2010 that scores on Bayley-III are higher than those obtained with Background/aim: Latest version of Bayley Scales (Bayley-III) and its predecessor (BSID-II) are the most widely used standardized developmental tools in infancy and early childhood. Recent studies showed that Bayley-III scores were higher than BSID-II in 18-24 month-old and mostly premature infants. We aimed to evaluate the generalization of inflated scores of Bayley-III to children aged 6-42 months with different disease groups, and to find out which cutoff points should be used in Bayley-III to detect mild, moderate, and severe developmental delay according to BSID-II standard cutoff points. Materials and methods: Two hundred and fifty-five children aged 6-42 months with different diseases and developmental levels were administered both the Bayley-III and BSID-II in the same session between 15 November 2017 and 15 April 2018. Results: The mean Bayley-III Cognitive Composite (CC) and Cognitive Language Composite (CLC) scores were respectively 13.1 ± 9.1 and 8.6 ± 8 points higher than BSID-II Mental Development Index (MDI) scores (P < 0.001). The mean Bayley-III Motor Composite (MC) scores were 14.4 ± 10.5 points higher than BSID-II Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) scores (P < 0.001). Cognitive delay was found in 126 (49.4%) and 59 (23.1%) children according to BSID-II MDI and Bayley-III CC scores, respectively. Motor delay was found in 174 (69.3%) and 86 (34.3%) children according to the BSID-II PDI and Bayley-III MC scores, respectively. Children had less cognitive (48.6%) and motor delay (...

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Background: The importance of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has increased in recent years. This study aimed to assess HRQoL in children with ALL, affecting factors, and the relationship between parent proxy-report and child self-report HRQoL. Materials and Methods: A total of 59 children and their parents (both mother and father) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Turkish version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 3.0 Cancer Modules were used to determine HRQoL. Results: According to subscales of the self-report form, nausea and operational anxiety scores differed significantly by the treatment status; communication score varied considerably by the hospitalization length of stay; pain and hurt, cognitive problems, and perceived physical appearance scores differed significantly by the maternal chronic disease status (P<0.05). The presence of maternal chronic disease was significantly related to the total score of the parent-proxy report (mother) (P<0.05). There was a moderate correlation between total scores of child and mother (P<0.05, r=0.419) but not with the father. Conclusion: Children on-treatment had significant problems in nausea and procedural anxiety subscales; however, children who were hospitalized more had fewer issues in the communication subscale. Also, children whose mother had chronic disease had poorer HRQoL regarding pain and hurt cognitive problems and treatment anxiety. Given the importance of assessment and monitoring HRQoL in children with ALL, health professionals should be aware of how parents’ chronic disease affects HRQoL. Psychosocial support should be provided to children and their parents, especially for those whose parents have a chronic illness.