The feasibility of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the nondestructive determination of fatty acid composition in rapeseed was examined. NIR spectra were measured on extracted oil, intact rapeseed kernels, and an intact single rapeseed with an InfraAlyzer 500 in a syrup cup or a singlegrain cup. NIR spectra were scanned from 1100 to 2500 nm at 2-nm intervals. As the percentage of linoleic acid increased, the spectral values in the region 1696-1724 nm, where linoleic acid has its absorption band, became always stronger downward in second-derivative NIR spectra. As the percentage of erucic acid increased the spectral value at 1728 nm, where erucic acid has its absorption band, became always a little bit stronger downward in the second-derivative NIR spectra. On the basis of their NIR spectral patterns, linoleic acid and erucic acid could be successfully determined in both intact seed kernels and in a single seed of rape without damaging them.
Infl uence of high temperature conditions during the ripening period of paddy rice on husked rice quality was examined. The incidences of white-back kernel and white-based kernel were high when average temperatures during the 20-day period after heading was 27 or higher. Almost no such incidence was apparent below that temperature. Because the husked rice was thicker and the protein content was lower in white-back kernel than in milky white kernel, it is presumed that the effect of white-back kernel on taste deterioration would be less than that of milky white kernel. The grain weight tended to be lighter in the condition with average temperatures of 26 or higher during the 30-day period after heading, whereas the whole grain ratio tended to decrease at 27 or higher temperatures. Concerning the husked-rice quality, the temperature suitable for ripening was 24 , at which temperature the maximum grain weight was observed. Differences among cultivars were found in the ratio of imperfect rice incidence, showing the cultivar difference in the pattern and severity of the incidence. Especially, cultivar differences were marked in the incidence of white-back and white-based kernel. Cultivars with weak ripening capability at high temperatures include Hinohikari, Koganebare, Hatsuboshi, and Mineasahi. They are all derived from Kiho, which has inferior ripening capability at high temperatures, suggesting that the ripening capability at high temperature was genetically controlled.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.