Summary
Significantly drastic effects of storage on the potency of the alum‐precipitated haemorrhagic septicaemia (APHS) vaccine are reported. The APHS vaccine, studied through challenge infection of vaccinated rabbits (post‐60 days of vaccination), showed 100% potency when stored at 4 °C for 30 days. The potency dropped to 20% when storage period was extended to 60 or more days. At 30 °C, the potency reduced by 40, 40 and 60%, respectively, after 30, 60 and 90 days of storage, while, at 37 °C, the decrease was 60, 60 and 100% after 30, 60 and 90 days of storage, respectively. In view of this, the oil‐adjuvant (OA) HS vaccine was developed by culturing Pasteurella multocida on a medium comprising yeast extract, sucrose, trypticase and sodium bicarbonate, under continuous aeration at 37 °C. This gave a far better bacterial count (maximum count 15 times 108/ml) than the conventional APHS vaccine (maximum count 6 times 108/ml). The OAHS vaccine‐carrying water‐in‐oil emulsion remained stable at room temperature for 1 year. The log protection values of the two batches of the OAHS vaccine, studied in mice, were 5.2 and 5.3, as against 1.9 of the APHS vaccine.
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) is the leading global cause of morbidity and mortality in children of 1 month in developing countries. The aim of this research was to examine the spatial patterns of children under LRTI in Lahore, Pakistan. The records of all patients of LRTIs among children <5 years, admitted in the four different public sector hospitals of Lahore from 2017-2021 were analyzed. The collected data was processed and analyzed in SPSS 22.0 for the chi-square test (P<0.0.5), Multiple linear regression and ANOVA were calculated to assess the association of these variables. Town-wise distribution of diseases was mapped in ArcGIS 10.5. There were 2,609 pediatrics patients admitted and major cases in the year 2021. All the patients were distributed in four age groups, <2m, 2-12m, 13-24m, 25-60m. The most common diagnosis was Bronchopneumonia with (77.50%), Bronchiolitis (11.84%), Pneumonia (6.86%), and Bronchitis (3.79%). A significant increasing trend was found in Bronchopneumonia. In town-wise analysis, out of 2,609 patients, 977 patients were observed in Allama Iqbal Town. The peak season of the disease was seen in winter Dec-Feb. LRTI is a leading cause of childhood hospitalization in Lahore, Pakistan. These results may guide health authorities to determine where and when to effectively allocate resources for the prevention and control of LRTI.
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