Although the consumption of royal jelly has been rapidly increased in recent years, there is a lack of knowledge about the quality of commercial royal jelly purchased in Turkey. In order to evaluate quality properties, a total of thirteen different royal jelly samples, consisting of 12 commercial samples in Turkish markets, and 1 sample of known origin obtained freshly harvested from honeybee colony in Akdeniz University were analyzed for water, crude protein, acidity, pH, ash, total sugar, fructose, glucose, sucrose and 10-HDA content. Water, crude protein, pH values, ash, total sugars and 10-HDA content of the 13 royal jelly samples varied from 63.10 to 73.55%, 9.76 to 12.57%, 3.66 to 4.02, 0.92 to 1.17%, 7.68 to 11.66% and 0.57 to 3.11% respectively. Comparison of the 10-HDA values measured in this study with the Turkish (TS 6666) and currently available royal jelly international standard (ISO 12842) showed that 50% of the royal jelly samples had lower values than the allowed ISO and Turkish standards of 1.4%. Keywords:Bee product Royal jelly Chemical composition Quality control 10 HDA MAKALE BİLGİSİ ÖZ Alınış tarihi 06 Temmuz 2017 Düzeltilme tarihi 06 Temmuz 2017 Kabul tarihi 17 Ekim 2017Son yıllarda arı sütü tüketimi hızlı bir şekilde artmasına karşın, Türkiye'de satılan arı sütlerinin kaliteleri ile ilgili yeterli bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Kalite özelliklerini belirlemek için 12 adedi ticari firmalardan bir adedi ise Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Bölümü bal arısı kolonilerinden üretilen (kaynağı bilinen, saf) olmak üzere toplam 13 farklı arı sütü örneği nem, ham protein, asitlik, pH, kül, toplam şeker, fruktoz, glukoz, sakkaroz ve 10-HDA içeriği bakımından analiz edilmiştir. Arı sütü örneklerinin nem içeriği % 63.10 ile % 73.55, ham protein içeriği % 9.76 ile % 12.57, pH değerleri 3.66 ile 4.02, kül içeriği % 0.92 ile 1.17, toplam şeker içeriği % 7.68 ile % 11.66 ve 10-HDA içeriği % 0.57 ile % 3.11 aralıklarında değişim göstermişlerdir. Bu çalışmada ölçülen 10-HDA değerleri yürürlükte olan ulusal (TS 6666) ve uluslararası arı sütü standardı (ISO 1842) ile karşılaştırıldığında arı sütü örneklerinin % 50 sinin % 1.4 olarak belirtilen ulusal ve uluslararası arı sütü 10-HDA standardı sınırının altında olduğu saptanmıştır.
In this study, it was aimed to enrich D-pinitol in carob extract using nanofilters in the range of 1-5 kDa molecular weight cut-off (MWCO). Enrichment stages were extraction, clarification, adsorbent application and nanofiltration applications. The Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize nanofiltration application. D-pinitol content, sugar composition, total phenolic matters (TPC), total dry matters (TDM) and total minerals were determined for the purity control of the product obtained in the final stage. The highest D-pinitol concentration in extracts was achieved in nanofiltration at the 5 kDa MWCO under the condition of 3 bar feed pressure, 25°C feed temperature and 83.3% permeate rate, in which the extract contained 10.48 g/L of D-pinitol. In the study, an optimization model based on pressure, temperature and permeate/retentate ratio variables were created for the nanofiltration process. Thus, the change in the D-pinitol concentration of the extracts depending on different conditions was mathematically modelled with a high accuracy (R2=0.91). Depending on this model, the highest amount of sucrose, TPC and TDM in carob extracts was determined under the condition that the D-pinitol concentration was 8.7%.
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