Size of a cartilage graft has no impact on degree of hearing improvement or anatomical success rate after tympanoplasty.

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Objective: In this study we aimed to compare the effects of submucosal cauterization of the inferior turbinate with or without inferior partial turbinectomy. Materials and methods: In this prospective cohort study, 60 patients with inferior turbinate hypertrophy were randomized and divided into two groups. The first one was submitted to submucosal cauterization associated with partial turbinectomy, and the second one only submucous cauterization. Five items were assessed to compare both methods: pain, nasal bleeding, scarring, crustation and nasal air way patency. Follow-up was performed on days 1, 14, 30 and 3 months later. Results: In both groups crusting formation was similar. Reactionary hemorrhage was more common in turbinectomy group. Scarring showed better results in the turbinectomy group in the first month postoperative, airway patency showed good results in 80% of the patients with turbinectomy. Conclusion: Submucosal cauterization with inferior partial turbinectomy has yielded better nasal patency when compared to submucosal electrocautery ablation alone.

Objectives/Hypothesis Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of stridor in infants. The exact pathophysiology is still not well understood. Our objective was to investigate whether laryngomalacia is an inflammatory disease, focusing on the possible role of vitamin D. Study Design Case‐control study. Methods Sixty Egyptian infants and 60 mothers were included in this study. They were divided into four equal groups (n = 30 for each): infants with laryngomalacia (LM‐infants), control infants (C‐infants), mothers of the infants with laryngomalacia (LM‐mothers), and mothers of the control infants (C‐mothers). Laryngoscopy was performed and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]‐vitamin‐D) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) were estimated. Results Significant increase of serum IL‐6 associated with a significant decrease in serum 25(OH)‐vitamin D was observed in the LM‐infants compared to the C‐infants (P < .001 for both). LM‐mothers had significantly lower 25(OH)‐vitamin D status compared to C‐mothers (P < .001). Conclusions Deficiency of 25(OH)‐vitamin D in LM‐infants may result in dysregulation of the immune responses with elevation of a proinflammatory cytokine (IL‐6). Laryngomalacia could be an inflammatory disease due to 25(OH)‐vitamin D deficiency as evidenced by the high level of IL‐6. This finding may open the door to the appropriate prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, especially for moderate to severe laryngomalacia. Level of Evidence 3b Laryngoscope, 130:448–453, 2020

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In 2 jaw surgery, maxillary surgery compensated for the effect of mandibular setback surgery. Mandibular setback surgery to mandibular protrusion patients was performed within the range of adequate movement distance, but precautions for risk of postoperative obstructive sleep apnea syndrome should be considered.

Introduction: Epistaxis is a common problem that ranges from a minor nuisance to a lifethreatening emergency. Multiple modalities exist to treat anterior and posterior bleeding and more than one treatment must be used. Otolaryngologists must be prepared to deal with severe or refractory bleeding by using medications, packing materials, and radiologic or surgical interventions. Methods: This study is a descriptive prospective study that started with 137 patients presented with recurrent epistaxis selected to analyze etiology and different methods of interventions in management, during the period from January 2016 to June 2017 at Sohag University Hospital. Results: The mean age of patients in our study was 42.1 years, with a little male predominance (53%) and 62% of cases had unilateral bleeding. Regarding the cause of epistaxis, 35,77% of cases had general causes; 27,01% had local causes; 5,11% had medication-related bleeding and 32,12% were idiopathic. Regarding management, 48.88% of cases showed a response to the anterior nasal pack, 30.66%to conservative treatment, and 6.75% to sphenopalatine artery ligation. Conclusion: Recurrent epistaxis in hospitalized patients is a common emergency condition in Otorhinolaryngology; affecting people of any age. Conservative methods; especially nasal packing is effective to arrest epistaxis in most patients; especially if the source is anterior bleeding. Surgical intervention is needed in resistant cases.