The fatty acid ingredients in fat synthesis in Aspergillu8 nidulan8 and in Penicillium lilacinum have been identified and estimated by Singh, Walker & Meara (1955) and by Singh, Shah & Walker (1956a). Penicillium 8pinulo8um produces fat in high yield when grown in a chemically defined glucose medium (Garrido & Walker, 1953; Garrido, Woodbine & Walker, 1963) or in a similar medium in which sucrose is the source of carbon (Gad & Walker, 1954), and, judging from the results of a preliminary nutritional trial, this fat does not seem to be toxic to rats (personal communication from Dr T. Moore, Dunn Nutritional Laboratory, Cambridge). More extensive trials of this fat as food are planned and its fatty acid composition has therefore been determined. EXPERIMENTAL The strain of P. spsnulsum was isolated in this Laboratory and its identity was confirmed at the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, Holland (personal communication). It was grown in a medium which contained (g.
Cairomycin B is a new cyclic peptide antibiotic that was isolated from Streptomyces As-C-19 obtained from the soil of Cairo. The antibiotic had the following empirical formula: ClOH15N303; on acid hydrolysis, it yielded aspartic acid and lysine. Spectral analysis and its chemical characteristics indicated that it was a cyclic peptide. The antibiotic melted at 120 to 1210C and was freely soluble in chloroform, ethyl acetate, and acetone, slightly soluble in alcohols, and rather insoluble in water and petroleum ether. Cairomycin B was mainly active against gram-positive bacteria, with high toxicity to experimental animals and weak serum-binding properties.
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