Different buyer-seller watermarking protocols have been proposed to address preserving the digital rights of both the buyer and the seller over the first-hand market. However, the support of the digital rights over the secondhand market is still rarely addressed. This paper proposes an effective and secure watermarking protocol for digital rights protection over the secondhand market. This protocol achieves customer's rights protection, copy deterrence, protocols' practice applicability, preventing the buyer's participation in the dispute resolution and defending man in the middle attack along with solving the unbinding and conspiracy problems over the secondhand market. The protocol's security is based on the public key infrastructure (PKI) and exploits the existence of the certification authority (CA) that is considered the only trust anchor between the buyer and the seller.
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