Sildenafil citrate (SC or Viagra) is an oral medication widely used to treat erectile dysfunction and maintains a sufficient erection for satisfactory sexual performance. The side effects of sildenafil citrate have been reported.
Aim of the work:The present study was designed to investigate the effect of sildenafil citrate in the therapeutic dose in different regimes.
Materials and methods:This study included forty senile male albino rats divided into four equal groups. Group (A) was used as a control group (did not receive any treatment). Group (B) receive the therapeutic dose of Viagra (1.5 mg suspended in 1.5 ml distilled water) orally using a gastric gavage as daily dose for one week. Group (C) received the therapeutic dose of Viagra 3 times / week for two weeks. Group (D) received the therapeutic dose of Viagra each week for 4 weeks. Half of the treated rats of the different groups were sacrificed, other half were sacrificed after two weeks from the last dose as recovery groups (RB, RC and RD). The testes were dissected and blocked in paraffin. Hematoxylin and Eosin (HX&E) and Periodic acid Schiff stain (PAS) were applied and serum testosterone levels in the different groups were evaluated.
Results:The present study showed that the therapeutic dose of sildenafil caused several histological findings in the germinal epithelial of the rat testes including degeneration , detachment of the spermatogenic cells especially the primary spermatocytes with addition thickening of the basement membranes of the seminiferous tubules and increased interstitial Leydig cells. The serum testosterone of the treated rats showed increased level of testosterone especially in group D. The recovery rats showed relative improvement of parameter toward normal.
Conclusion:Sildenafil produce morphological and histological alterations in the testes.
Article informationBackground: Bisphenol A [BPA] is widely used in industrial processes. It persists in environment and exerts a harmful action on human health, through endocrinedisruption. Many natural compounds are suggested to have a preventive effect on BPA-induced human health hazards.
Aim of the work:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Silymarin/Curcumin in ameliorating the hepatotoxic effect induced in albino rats following oral administration of BPA.Patients and Methods: Fourty adult male albino rats were included and randomly categorized into four equal groups. The control group and BPA-exposed [50 mg/kg] group. Groups 3 and 4 for rats received oral BPA [50 mg/kg] plus [100 mg/ kg] of curcumin or silymarin. Serum liver enzymes, pro-inflammatory cytokines [TNF-α & IL-1,6,8] and the oxidant/antioxidant profile were assessed in the serum. SOD, GPX and CAT levels, MDA and H2O2 were assessed. Histopathological changes of the liver, immunohistochemical detection of caspase 3 and area density of collagen fibres were also assessed.Results: Bisphenol-A administration for 30 days was associated with a significant increase in the number of pro-inflammatory markers as interleukin 1,6,8 and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]. It also, stimulates oxidative stress with structural changes, apoptosis and fibrosis in hepatic cells. Treatment with silymarin or curcumin for 30 days lead to a reduction of pro-inflammatory mediators and significant amelioration of structural changes.
Conclusion:Silymarin/Curcumin had an ameliorative of harmful effects of BPA on the liver cells through potent anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects.
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