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This study reports levels of indoor environmental quality variables before and after installation of heat recovery ventilation in a primary school located in an urban area in Izmir, Turkey. A CO 2 -based modeling was performed to determine the required flow rates that would comply with an international ventilation standard, followed by computational fluid dynamics modeling for best airflow distribution in a classroom. Temperature, CO 2 , PM 2.5 , and total volatile organic compounds were found at undesired levels, among which relative humidity, CO 2 , and PM 2.5 were improved after the intervention. Reductions in the mean and maximum concentrations were 29% and 68% for CO 2 and 29% and 46% for PM 2.5 . This intervention study was a part of the city-wide main project that aimed to increase awareness of the students and their families, teachers, and staff regarding importance of indoor environmental quality in both at school and home due to its possible effects on children's health and academic performance, one of the major challenges of today's societies all around the globe.

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