This research work presents an innovative utility of Functionally Graded Aluminum Matrix Composite with Silicon Carbide as a friction material in clutches’ plate since it has an acceptable friction coefficient and a high wear resistance which may lead to longer working life. Functionally Graded Aluminum Matrix Composite’s properties are calculated using rule-of-mixture and power law, and simulated as layered geometry. Clutches designed based on the standard size and working conditions of clutches in mid-size and heavy automobiles. Functionally Graded Aluminum Matrix Composite’s behavior is examined considering statics, dynamics, thermal and wear. Analyses are done using Finite Element method, by ANSYS with boundary conditions that represent the actual working conditions of clutch in automobiles. The developed finite element model is validated by comparing it to literature and has achieved good agreement. Results are discussed by comparing functionally graded aluminum matrix composite’s clutch performance to aluminum matrix composite with 20% of silicon carbide clutch and e-glass clutch performances. FGAMC clutch showed excellent behavior considering static analysis where deformations were the least among the three materials. The thermal and free vibrational performance of the FGAMC were not the best but with very small differences compared to aluminum matrix composite and e-glass clutches. Very unwanted performance of FGAMC is recognized in forced vibration analysis, as it has very high stresses, strain and deformation compared to the other two materials. Structural transient behavior of FGAMC is acceptable as it has the lowest deformations and strains from the highest stresses but in small area of the contact surface of the clutch. Volume loss in FGAMC due wear is less compared to traditional aluminum matrix composite by more than 4 times.
In the context of the finite elements analysis, the mechanical performance of viscoelastically bonded smart structures is investigated and analyzed. Three different models are considered and compared. In the 1st model, the actuator is glued to the host structure. On the other hand, in the two other models the actuator is glued to the bonding layer which is glued to the host structures. To explore the effect of the bonding layer characteristics on the mechanical behavior of the host structure, both elastic and viscoelastic layers are considered. The Prony’s series are utilized to simulate the viscoelastic constitutive response. The mathematical formulation of the coupled problem is presented and the dynamic finite elements equations of motion of the coupled electromechanical systems are introduced. The proposed methodology is verified by comparing the obtained results with the available results in the literature and good consentience is observed. Both static and dynamic vibration behaviors are studied incorporating the interfacial shear stresses between the bonding layer and the host structure as well as the displacements as a comparison criterion to determine the performance controlling function of the host structure. Parametric study of piezoelectric properties showed that permittivity is required in solving such systems but does not affect the performance. On the other hand, the piezoelectric characteristics have significant effects on the mechanical performance of smart structures and can be used in the optimum selection of combination just like mechanical properties and geometry. Additionally, the obtained results show that the model with viscoelastic bonding layer has an overall static performance nearly half of elastic bonding layer model while it has a slight effect on the dynamic behavior compared with the corresponding elastic bonding layer. The proposed methodology with the obtained results is supportive in the applications of structure health monitoring and dynamics of smart structural systems. The proposed procedure could be extended in a future work to include the coupled electromagnetic effects on the dynamic behavior of smart structures in hygrothermal environment
This paper presents an innovative utility of Functionally Graded Aluminum Matrix Composite (FGAMC) with Silicon Carbide as a friction material in clutches since having an acceptable friction coefficient and high wear resistance. FGAMC’s properties were calculated using rule-of-mixture and power law, represented by layered geometry. FGAMC’s behavior is examined considering statics, dynamics, thermal and wear. Analyses were done using Finite Element method, by ANSYS. Results are discussed by comparing FGAMC’s clutch to Aluminum matrix composite with 20% of Silicon Carbide clutch and E-glass clutch. Clutches design based on the common size and working conditions of clutches in mid-size and heavy automobiles. Most analyses revels FGAMC’s clutch has higher strain than AMC’s clutch with less deformation in thickness direction and less stresses. FGAMC’s clutch has higher mass leading to lower first natural frequency but with low resulted deformations. Transient analyses showed 10 times fewer maximum deformations for FGAMC’s clutch than AMC and E-glass with lower strains and higher stress but in much less area for FGAMC’s clutch. Wear which indicates working life of a clutch, have been studied using Archard Wear Equation in ANSYS, FGAMC’s clutch has 10 times lower wear with much less affected area compared to AMC and E-glass. Thermal analysis results of the three clutches are close to each other with 0.07 watts between FGAMC’s and AMC’s clutches, and 0.03 watts between FGAMC’s and E-Glass’s clutches.
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