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Background: A wide variety of techniques to restore biliary-enteric continuity after biliary injuries, the biliary tree is most commonly anastomosed to the jejunum; either as (Roux-en-Y or a simple loop anastomosis) or less commonly to the duodenum. The anastomosis may be performed to the bile duct, common hepatic duct, 1 st or 2nd order hepatic duct branches, or to the gallbladder. Anastomoses may be performed in an end-to-side or side-to-side fashion, using continuous or interrupted sutures. Stents may be deployed across the anastomosis. Aim of Study: Biliary strictures and injuries; present a surgical technical challenge for Hepato-biliary surgeons. High biliary strictures are difficult to treat and re-stenosis rates reported of 10-30% following corrective repair, Complication rates; mostly due to inflammation, ischemia and tension at the anastomosis site. A combined prospective and retrospective study to evaluate the outcome of bile duct reconstruction using a continuous and interrupted suture technique for anastomosis. A combined prospective and retrospective study to evaluate the outcome of bile duct reconstruction using a continuous and interrupted suture technique for anastomosis.. Patients and Methods: A total number of 30 patients presented with biliary injuries, biliary strictures or stenosis permitted for surgical interventions in a General Surgical Department of Al-Azhar University Hospitals from February 2015 to May 2019, 15 patients were performed by continuous suture as (Group A), and 15 patents performed by interrupted suture technique as (Group B). Data and Statistical Analysis: Data on our series of bile duct anastomosis with either distal biliary duct or small bowel performed including: Surgical procedure, diagnosis, co-morbidities, peri-operative morbidity, and clinical symptoms after repair, liver function tests and the need for surgical or radiological interventions following surgery were evaluated as a prospectively collected on an institutionally approved electronic database. Non-parametric data were described as median and range and parametric data as average and standard deviation. The outcome measures were assessed: peri-operative morbidity, clinical symptoms after repair, liver function tests and the need for surgical or radiological interventions following surgery.

Background: A prospective study was carried on female patients after total thyroidectomy to assess the need for calcium supplementation after surgery Aim of the work: To assess the need for routine calcium supplementation after total thyroidectomy. Patient and methods: From 2017 to 2018, a total of 90 female patients with different thyroid disorders were conducted. Thyroid cancer or previous neck surgery patients were excluded. Neck ultrasound was done. Results: Study shows improvement in the level of serum calcium in the group already on supplementation. On the other hand it shows slight decrease in serum calcium level in the group without supplementation. The statistical analysis showed highly significant relationship between the Ca supplementation and hypocalcemia with P value of less than 0.05. Conclusion: Certain risk factors are associated with post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia. Total thyroidectomy, thyroiditis and routine non calcium supplementation are found to be the main risk factors of postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia in this study.

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