With the revolution of information technology and Wide Area Networking, data has become less and less private where the access of media as well as the attempts to change and manipulate the contents of media data have become a common case. For that, we need to use a watermarking technique to protect the copyright of the media as well as for digital right management but without leaving a visual effect. We presented a watermarking technique that deals with images where the used technique to embed a wavelet compressed watermark image within the least significant bit (LSB) of the cover image pixels in a specific pattern which won't be visible after embedding and will cause the cover image to become copyrighted using the embedded watermark image that can be extracted later

Multicast Ad-Hoc on-Demand Distance Vector (MAODV) protocol keeps sending control packets within static periods whether there was sending of data packets or not, and it was not concerned with the amount of these data packets. Based on this, many people found out that there are a high number of control packets in the short-lived connection. The main idea of this paper was to compare between the original MAODV with another proposed approach used for enhancing MAODV protocol called (E-MAODV). The result appears that the E-MAODV protocol performs better than the traditional MAODV protocol.

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In this paper, we present and describe the topology and structure of the high speed distributed packet switching local computer network under P-persistent CSMA/CD as access protocol for the communication stations. Also, we discuss and analyze performance optimization of this network based on some analytical treatment to the applied access protocol.

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