An important problem in reproductology is inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. About 60% of patients with chronic salpingoophoritis are of reproductive age, and 65-77% of cases of acute processes turn into chronic. The analysis of the scientific literature on the effect of chronic salpingoophoritis on the reproductive function of women is carried out. The diagnostic significance of the ultrasound method in assessing the state of the ovarian reserve has been studied. The analysis of the dependence of the concentration of anti-Muller hormone and the indicators of the ovarian reserve was carried out. Evaluation of the ovarian reserve should be carried out using high-frequency transvaginal sensors. These methods allow us to study the architectonics of the intra-organ bloodstream of the ovaries. Modern ultrasound machines allow you to study in detail all the indicators of the ovarian reserve and remove Doppler parameters. Dopplerography can be considered effective for assessing blood flow in the ovaries. The PD energy doppler makes it possible to evaluate intra- and perifollicular blood flow in small diameter vessels. Extensive visualization capabilities are important, capable of creating a planar and 3D image of the ovary under study. An integrated approach is needed to assess the ovarian reserve. In comparison with ultrasound examination, the level of anti-muller hormone more fully shows the activity of immature follicles ranging in size from 0.2 to 4 mm, which are visible during ultrasound examination are poorly visible.
The herpes virus is an urgent problem, particularly in the obstetrician-gynecologist practice. The main objective of this paper was to review and analyze current literature data on the effect of the herpes virus on the mother and child during gestation. A variation of the diagnosis of prenatal herpes infection was reviewed. The treatment and prevention methods of the herpes simplex virus for a pregnant woman are addressed. It was shown that preventive antihomotoxic therapy had a fetoprotective effect, significantly reducing the risk of prenatal infection. Introducing preconception preparation for a wide population cohort, including the suppression of viruses in the mother's body, is relevant. The following methodology was used during work on the article: selection of publications using modern information databases, analysis of the obtained information, systematization of materials, and presentation of conclusions. An electronic search was conducted using publications identified in the following databases: eLIBRARY.RU, Google Scholar, and PubMed.
According to a number of large epidemiological studies, about 10% of the world's population suffer from chronic kidney disease (CKD), the most severe stage of which is end-stage chronic renal failure (ESRD). Chronic renal failure is a symptom complex that develops in chronic bilateral kidney diseases due to the gradual irreversible death of nephrons and is characterized by a violation of the homeostatic function of the kidneys. The disease is diagnosed in 10-13% of the adult population, and 20% of them are people over 60 years of age. In Russia, according to international studies, up to 27 million people suffer from chronic kidney disease. The task of conservative therapy is to slow down the progression of chronic renal failure, to eliminate factors that aggravate its course, as well as to correct hormonal and metabolic disorders inherent in uremia - anemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperlipidemia. The fifth stage of chronic kidney disease, also called the stage of end-stage renal disease, means a decrease in kidney function by more than 80%, which leads to life-threatening disorders of homeostasis and metabolism. The only way to continue life at this stage is lifelong use of renal replacement therapy, which includes three varieties: hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation. The aim of each type of this therapy is to replenish, as far as possible, the lost functions of the patient's kidneys. Recently, the quality and reliability of dialysis machines, water purification systems, vascular access has improved significantly. However, there are complications associated with the procedure. This is also facilitated by an increase in the number of patients with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular pathology, who are most susceptible to interaction with a dialysis machine. If there is no possibility of a transplant, a long waiting list, or there are contraindications to surgery, dialysis therapy is the treatment of choice. It must be remembered that dialysis is also supportive therapy for transplant rejection.
Aim: to study the effectiveness of different treatment options for male hypogonadism. Material and methods: the paper investigates outcomes in treating male hypogonadism (86 patients with secondary male hypogonadism). Scientific literature was reviewed to single out the following methods: androgen replacement therapy subcutaneous testosterone pellet implants use of long-acting subcutaneous testosterone tablets (the use of subcutaneous long-acting testosterone tablets as replacement therapy), a combination of traction therapy and medication Testosterone undecanoate. Results: androgen replacement therapy promotes the development of a number of beneficial effects in terms of physique, metabolic control, psychological and sexual indicators. The use of long-acting subcutaneous testosterone pellets can enhance the androgenic effect at the receptor level. The combined method of treatment traction therapy and medication Testosterone undecanoate is relevant for men with concomitant micropenia. The surgical method of subcutaneous testosterone pellet implants is recommended for patients with contraindications to testosterone replacement therapy. The determination of sexual constitution’s indicators testified to persistent sexual rehabilitation in the long term after transplantation of testicle. Conclusions: Each clinical case should be approached individually and optimized in case of concomitant pathologies. According to the scientific literature, androgen replacement therapy is optimized as an application of long-acting subcutaneous testosterone tablets, which shows good results in case of concomitant pathologies. For men with concomitant micropenia, it is suggested to apply the combined treatment of traction therapy and medication Testosterone undecanoate. In case of contraindication to hormone therapy, subcutaneous testosterone pellet implants are the optimal option.
Annotation: Diabetes insipidus is a disease characterized by the inability of the kidneys to reabsorb water and concentrate urine. According to the classification, there are three main types of diabetes insipidus: central, nephrogenic, primary polydipsia. Other rarer types of diabetes insipidus should also be remembered: gestational, functional (pediatric), iatrogenic. The pathogenesis of central diabetes insipidus is associated with impaired secretion or action of vasopressin on V2 receptors.
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