The basic question of our research is what crop-producing farmers know about PF (precision farming), and how economic value and social factors motivate the acceptance and implementation of PF. We conducted a cross-sectional survey, using standardized questionnaires, in 2018, that was nationally representative of Hungarian crop producers. Besides this, we conducted 30 semi-structured interviews about the meaning of PF, with the farmers who use PF in practice. They defined it as a tool of strategic planning, to serve input savings, using state-of-the-art technologies. Based on the questionnaire, we found that the farmers currently applying PF do not seem to have such a significant impact on the agricultural society that would make others want to move to precision technology, following their example. As a result of the factor analysis, we could differentiate direct and indirect factors. Potential human resources are undereducated, their willingness to improve their knowledge is low, and the level of cooperation ability is low, making it excessively difficult, or even impossible, to acquire the equipment necessary for a technology switch and to purchase the necessary services. It can be concluded that age, production, and technical usefulness carries greater weight over things like monetary factors, productivity of cultivated land, knowledge capital, and willingness of Hungarian farmers to cooperate.
This article discusses the use of drones in Hungary and considers their future penetration, based on the responses to a nationally representative 2021 questionnaire among 200 large-scale farmers engaged in precision farming and in crop production. Both the applied trans-theoretical model (with ordinal logit regression model) and the questionnaire design are suitable for comparison with the results of a similar survey in Germany. In this study, similar results were found for farm size, age, main job and education, but the evidence that higher education in agriculture has the largest positive effect on the use of drones is a novelty. The frequency values obtained for adopting precision technology elements are not fully suitable for classification due to interpretational shortcomings. The use of drones within precision technologies is no longer negligible (17%), but is nevertheless expected to grow significantly due to continuous innovation and the selective application of inputs. The state could play a major role in future uptake, particularly in the areas of training and harmonisation of legislation.
Precision farming may play an important role in agricultural innovation. The study focuses on the attitude of Hungarian farmers toward precision farming. Based on the relevant technical literature, we performed a nationally representative questionnaire survey of 594 farmers and deep interviews with experts and farmers (30 persons). As regards the questionnaire, the authors found that the management of the average farm size in Hungary has the highest willingness to innovate and the second highest level of education among the developed clusters. The survey shows undertrained farmers with large farms to be the second most open group, which may result in the partial application of precision farming techniques. One of the most unexpected results of the Precision Farmers’ cluster is that the positive socio-economic utility of precision farming is rated as extremely low. In-depth interviews prove that the use of precision technologies does not increase local social cohesion. Strong organisational isolation of precision farmers prevents the spread of innovation knowledge and precision farming amongst the farming community, and the challenges of competitiveness alone do not force farmers to apply precision farming. Our results may be useful for the establishment of agricultural strategy.
In our paper we aim at analysing the social factors influencing energy use and energy efficiency in four different European countries, using the data from the PENNY research (Psychological social and financial barriers to energy efficiency—Horizon 2020). As a part of the project, a survey was conducted in four European countries (Italy, The Netherlands, Switzerland and Hungary) to compare environmental self-identity, values and attitudes toward the energy use of European citizens. Previous research has examined the effect of a number of factors that influence individuals’ energy efficiency, and attitudes to energy use. The novelty of our paper that presents four attitudes regarding energy use and environmental consciousness and compares them across four different regions of Europe. It analyses the differences between the four attitudes among the examined countries and tries to understand the factors explaining the differences using linear regression models of the most important socio-demographic variables. Finally, we present a typology of energy use attitudes: four groups, the members of which are basically characterised by essentially different attitudes regarding energy use. A better understanding of the diversity of energy use may assist in making more accurate policy decisions.
Tanulmányomban a kisfalvakban élő, alacsony iskolázottságú és szegény sorsú fiatalok mobilitásának és mobilitási hajlandóságának hiányát vizsgálom. Arra keresem a választ, hogy a legrosszabb helyzetű fiatalok miért nem költöznek el a falujukból jobb munka-és életlehetőségeket, jobb perspektívákat kínáló térségekbe. A tanulmány kitér a családi életükre és a szülőkhöz fűződő viszony értelmezésére is, ezen keresztül a falvakban maradást befolyásoló kötődéseikre. Az elemzés legfőbb kérdése, hogy az ezekben az elszegényedett falvakban élő fiatalok immobilitása önkéntes vagy kényszerek által irányított, racionális döntés vagy sodródás eredménye? A feltárt összefüggések szerint az elszegényedett földrajzi környezetben élő falusi fiatalok mobilitásának hiánya nem szabad döntések következménye. Az eredmények szerint egy sodródó, saját életét nem irányító társadalmi csoport, amelynek tagjai nem ismerik a körülöttük lévő tágabb világot, tájékozatlan, függő helyzetű, másoknak kiszolgáltatott, egyszerű reciprocitásra épülő életvilágban élő, és ebben az értelemben kirekesztődött társadalmi csoport.
Our concern in this contribution is to ask what the special features of populism in Hungary are, where government and the largest opposition party can be considered populist. The study aims at analyzing motivations, interests, benefits, and profits of populism in fragile Hungarian regions. The main part examines three peculiar features of state populism: the rural support for stabile political and social structures; early-born conservative social policy, which freezes and preserves social inequalities and pacificates social conflicts; and selective social policy that has made a strong difference between "worthy" and "unworthy" poor, thus, contributing to ethnic-based conflicts and emerging prejudice. The Hungarian case shows that poverty and social inequalities, disintegration, hierarchical local power structure with dominance of economic-political oligarchy, weak participation, monopolization of local and non-local media, and racialization of poverty are enabling factors of populism.
Objectives: The study presents the findings of a quantitative research conducted among people aged over 90, who live in a large town of Hungary, Debrecen. The aim of the research was to examine the lifestyle, attitudes, values, and physical and mental condition of old and long-lived people. We laid a special emphasis on the exploration of the life perspectives, mood and mental youth, and their interconnections.Methods: The sociological questionnaire used for data collection (159 questions) was intended to inquire socio-demographic characteristics, dietary habits, health condition, physical activity, and identity features. Further examinations were conducted in order to measure the level of depression using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and mental condition using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We managed to reach out to the elderly living in the town on the basis of family doctors' districts (N = 212). We dealt with a subsample of 115 people since we got answers for all questions from them. During data processing, we applied multivariate statistical methods, first of all linear regression analysis and cluster analysis. We examined the differences between clusters using variation analysis.Results: According to our results, the extremely low educational level of the elderly belonging to the target group did not decrease their life perspectives, but it had a significant impact on the age when their illness begun. We revealed a connection between the mental condition and the level of depression. Better mental condition (higher MMSE) resulted in lower depression level (low GDS). One of our main finding is that the change in the level of depression (GDS) is 13.4% due to the change in the mental condition (MMSE).Conclusions: Physical and mental activity, personal autonomy, a wide range of activities, and avoiding isolation and solitude allow people to experience quality ageing; all these factors can be substantially influenced by the status acquired at a younger age. We believe that it is extremely important for the society to develop guarantees for active old age, which would ensure the optimal balance between the possibilities of physical and mental health, social participation and safety.Key words: super old, mental health of the elderly, life quality of the elderly, long life, elderly people in the society
The new organisational strategy, Project Orientated Management was presented in 1990 in Vienna 1 opening the third developmental stage 2 of project management knowledge. This strategy is based on a fundamental coherence stating that every project functions as a temporary organisation and, therefore, offers strategic options for the usual organisational structures (with the incorporation of projects into the organisational structures, temporary organisations are created that disappear as soon as their individual task is done). This approach dramatically increases the importance of projects regardless of the previously known coherence that states a project created for various aims in public, non-profit and industrial sectors can heavily improve a company's efficiency and its chances of survival as well. These processes result in power shifts in society and change the forms of knowledge utilization.
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